Lee Yuh-Shiow
a National Chung-Cheng University.
J Gen Psychol. 2013 Jul-Sep;140(3):159-73. doi: 10.1080/00221309.2012.750591.
This study examined how encoding and retrieval factors affected directed forgetting costs and benefits in an item-method procedure. Experiment 1 used a typical item-method procedure and revealed a levels-of-processing effect in overall recall. However, the deep encoding condition showed a smaller directed forgetting effect than the shallow encoding conditions. More importantly, "remember" (R) words were selectively rehearsed as indicated by greater recall from the primacy portion of the list and more apt to be recalled before "forget" (F) words. Experiment 2 showed that a deep encoding operation reduced directed forgetting costs and that directed forgetting benefits occurred only when R words were recalled before F words. These findings supported the hypotheses that encoding manipulation affected directed forgetting costs and that directed forgetting benefits were associated with output order bias. Results were discussed in terms of mechanisms that produce item-method directed forgetting.
本研究考察了在项目法程序中，编码和提取因素如何影响定向遗忘的代价和益处。实验1采用典型的项目法程序，揭示了在整体回忆中存在加工水平效应。然而，深度编码条件下的定向遗忘效应比浅度编码条件下的小。更重要的是，“记住”（R）类单词被选择性地复述，这表现为列表首位部分的回忆更好，并且比“忘记”（F）类单词更易于被回忆起。实验2表明，深度编码操作降低了定向遗忘的代价，并且只有当R类单词在F类单词之前被回忆起时，才会出现定向遗忘的益处。这些发现支持了以下假设：编码操作影响定向遗忘的代价，并且定向遗忘的益处与输出顺序偏差有关。从产生项目法定向遗忘的机制方面对结果进行了讨论。
