Glazier A K, Danovitch G M, Delmonico F L
New England Organ Bank, Waltham, MA.
Am J Transplant. 2014 Aug;14(8):1740-3. doi: 10.1111/ajt.12770. Epub 2014 May 19.
A policy proposal relating to transplantation of deceased donor organs into nonresidents of the United States was jointly sponsored by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN)/United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) International Relations and Ethics Committees and approved by the OPTN/UNOS Board in June 2012. The proposal followed prior acceptance by the Board of the definitions of "travel for transplantation" and "transplant tourism" and the introduction in March 2012 of revised data collection categories for transplant candidates who are neither citizens nor residents. The most important aspect of the new policy concerns replacement of the previous so-called "5% rule" with the review of all residency and citizenship data and the preparation of a public annual report. The new policy does not prohibit organ transplantation in nonresidents. However, the policy and public data report will ensure transparency and support transplant center responsibility to account for their practices. Since the adoption of the policy, the first 19 months of data show that less than 1% of new deceased donor waitlist additions and less than 1% of transplantation recipients were non-US citizen/nonresidents candidates who traveled to the United States for purposes of transplantation. By adopting this policy, the US transplant community promotes public trust and serves as an example to the international transplant community.
一项关于将已故捐赠者器官移植给美国非居民的政策提案由器官获取与移植网络（OPTN）/器官共享联合网络（UNOS）国际关系与伦理委员会联合发起，并于2012年6月获OPTN/UNOS董事会批准。该提案是在董事会先前接受“移植旅行”和“移植旅游”的定义以及2012年3月针对非公民且非居民的移植候选人引入修订后的数据收集类别之后提出的。新政策最重要的方面是用审查所有居住和公民身份数据以及编制年度公开报告取代先前所谓的“5%规则”。新政策并不禁止向非居民进行器官移植。然而，该政策和公开数据报告将确保透明度，并支持移植中心对其做法负责。自该政策通过以来，最初19个月的数据显示，新增的已故捐赠者等待名单中不到1%的人以及移植受者中不到1%的人是非美国公民/非居民且前往美国进行移植的候选人。通过采纳这项政策，美国移植界增进了公众信任，并为国际移植界树立了榜样。
