Marmet Simon, Rehm Jürgen, Gmel Gerrit, Frick Hannah, Gmel Gerhard
Addiction Switzerland, Lausanne, SWITZERLAND;
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany; Dalla Lana School of Public Health.
Swiss Med Wkly. 2014 May 20;144:w13947. doi: 10.4414/smw.2014.13947. eCollection 2014.
Alcohol use causes high burden of disease and injury globally. Switzerland has a high consumption of alcohol, almost twice the global average. Alcohol-attributable deaths and years of life lost in Switzerland were estimated by age and sex for the year 2011. Additionally, the impact of heavy drinking (40+grams/day for women and 60+g/day for men) was estimated.
Alcohol consumption estimates were based on the Addiction Monitoring in Switzerland study and were adjusted to per capita consumption based on sales data. Mortality data were taken from the Swiss mortality register. Methodology of the Comparative Risk Assessment for alcohol was used to estimate alcohol-attributable fractions.
Alcohol use caused 1,600 (95% CI: 1,472 - 1,728) net deaths (1,768 deaths caused, 168 deaths prevented) among 15 to 74 year olds, corresponding to 8.7% of all deaths (men: 1,181 deaths; women: 419 deaths). Overall, 42,627 years of life (9.7%, 95% CI: 40,245 - 45,008) were lost due to alcohol. Main causes of alcohol-attributable mortality were injuries at younger ages (15-34 years), with increasing age digestive diseases (mainly liver cirrhosis) and cancers (particularly breast cancers among women). The majority (62%) of all alcohol-attributable deaths was caused by chronic heavy drinking (men: 67%; women: 48 %).
Alcohol is a major cause of premature mortality in Switzerland. Its impact, among young people mainly via injuries, among men mainly through heavy drinking, calls for a mix of preventive actions targeting chronic heavy drinking, binge drinking and mean consumption.
全球范围内，饮酒导致了沉重的疾病负担和伤害。瑞士的酒精消费量很高，几乎是全球平均水平的两倍。我们按年龄和性别估算了2011年瑞士因酒精导致的死亡人数和寿命损失年数。此外，还估算了重度饮酒（女性每天饮酒40克及以上，男性每天饮酒60克及以上）的影响。
酒精消费估算基于瑞士成瘾监测研究，并根据销售数据调整为人均消费量。死亡率数据取自瑞士死亡率登记册。采用酒精比较风险评估方法估算酒精归因比例。
在15至74岁人群中，饮酒导致1600例（95%可信区间：1472 - 1728）净死亡（造成1768例死亡，预防了168例死亡），占所有死亡人数的8.7%（男性：1181例死亡；女性：419例死亡）。总体而言，因酒精导致42627年的寿命损失（9.7%，95%可信区间：40245 - 45008）。酒精归因死亡率的主要原因在较年轻年龄段（15 - 34岁）是伤害，随着年龄增长，消化系统疾病（主要是肝硬化）和癌症（尤其是女性乳腺癌）成为主要原因。所有酒精归因死亡中的大多数（62%）是由长期重度饮酒导致的（男性：67%；女性：48%）。
在瑞士，酒精是过早死亡的主要原因。其影响，在年轻人中主要通过伤害，在男性中主要通过重度饮酒，这就需要针对长期重度饮酒、暴饮和平均饮酒量采取一系列预防措施。
