Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Clinical Hospital No. 1, Poznan, Poland; Department of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Scand J Immunol. 2014 Aug;80(2):75-84. doi: 10.1111/sji.12188.
It is widely accepted that type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease resulting from an interaction between immunologic, genetic and environmental factors. However, the exact mechanism leading to the development of T1DM remains incomplete. There is a large body of evidence pointing towards the important role of toll-like receptor (TLR) activation and vitamin D deficiency in T1DM pathogenesis. In this article, we review the available data on the influence of TLRs' level of activation and vitamin D status on the risk of the development of T1DM in humans and rodent models. We also summarize the current information regarding the interactions between TLRs' level of activation, vitamin D status and various environmental factors, such as enteroviral infections, the gut microbiota and breastfeeding substitution, among others. Our results stipulate that vitamin D seems to protect against T1DM by reducing the TLRs' level of activation.
人们普遍认为，1 型糖尿病（T1DM）是一种自身免疫性疾病，由免疫、遗传和环境因素相互作用引起。然而，导致 T1DM 发展的确切机制尚不完全清楚。有大量证据表明，Toll 样受体（TLR）的激活和维生素 D 缺乏在 T1DM 的发病机制中起着重要作用。在本文中，我们回顾了关于 TLR 激活水平和维生素 D 状态对人类和啮齿动物模型中 T1DM 发展风险的影响的现有数据。我们还总结了目前关于 TLR 激活水平、维生素 D 状态和各种环境因素（如肠道病毒感染、肠道菌群和母乳喂养替代）之间相互作用的信息。我们的研究结果表明，维生素 D 通过降低 TLR 的激活水平似乎可以预防 T1DM。
