Rodiuc Natalia, Vieira Paulo, Banora Mohamed Youssef, de Almeida Engler Janice
Laboratório de Interação Molecular Planta-Praga, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB Brasília, Brasil.
NemaLab - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora Évora, Portugal.
Front Plant Sci. 2014 May 5;5:160. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00160. eCollection 2014.
Transfer cells are ubiquitous plant cells that play an important role in plant development as well as in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. They are highly specialized and differentiated cells playing a central role in the acquisition, distribution and exchange of nutrients. Their unique structural traits are characterized by augmented ingrowths of invaginated secondary wall material, unsheathed by an amplified area of plasma membrane enriched in a suite of solute transporters. Similar morphological features can be perceived in vascular root feeding cells induced by sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes, such as root-knot and cyst nematodes, in a wide range of plant hosts. Despite their close phylogenetic relationship, these obligatory biotrophic plant pathogens engage different approaches when reprogramming root cells into giant cells or syncytia, respectively. Both nematode feeding-cells types will serve as the main source of nutrients until the end of the nematode life cycle. In both cases, these nematodes are able to remarkably maneuver and reprogram plant host cells. In this review we will discuss the structure, function and formation of these specialized multinucleate cells that act as nutrient transfer cells accumulating and synthesizing components needed for survival and successful offspring of plant-parasitic nematodes. Plant cells with transfer-like functions are also a renowned subject of interest involving still poorly understood molecular and cellular transport processes.
传递细胞是普遍存在的植物细胞，在植物发育以及对生物和非生物胁迫的响应中发挥着重要作用。它们是高度特化和分化的细胞，在养分的获取、分配和交换中起着核心作用。其独特的结构特征表现为内陷次生壁物质的向内生长增加，被富含一系列溶质转运蛋白的质膜扩增区域所覆盖。在多种植物宿主中，由定居型植物寄生线虫（如根结线虫和胞囊线虫）诱导形成的维管束根取食细胞中也能观察到类似的形态特征。尽管这些专性活体营养型植物病原体在系统发育上关系密切，但它们在将根细胞分别重编程为巨型细胞或合胞体时采用了不同的方法。这两种类型的线虫取食细胞在整个线虫生命周期结束前都将作为主要的营养来源。在这两种情况下，这些线虫都能够显著地操纵和重编程植物宿主细胞。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论这些特化的多核细胞的结构、功能和形成，这些细胞作为营养传递细胞，积累和合成植物寄生线虫生存和成功繁殖所需的成分。具有类似传递功能的植物细胞也是一个备受关注的著名研究对象，但其涉及的分子和细胞运输过程仍知之甚少。
