Tsitsika Artemis, Janikian Mari, Schoenmakers Tim M, Tzavela Eleni C, Olafsson Kjartan, Wójcik Szymon, Macarie George Florian, Tzavara Chara, Richardson Clive
1 Adolescent Health Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens, Greece .
Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2014 Aug;17(8):528-35. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2013.0382. Epub 2014 May 22.
A cross-sectional school-based survey study (N=13,284; 53% females; mean age 15.8±0.7) of 14-17-year-old adolescents was conducted in seven European countries (Greece, Spain, Poland, Germany, Romania, the Netherlands, and Iceland). The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of Internet addictive behavior (IAB) and related psychosocial characteristics among adolescents in the participating countries. In the study, we distinguish two problematic groups: adolescents with IAB, characterized by a loss of control over their Internet use, and adolescents "at risk for IAB," showing fewer or weaker symptoms of IAB. The two groups combined form a group of adolescents with dysfunctional Internet behavior (DIB). About 1% of adolescents exhibited IAB and an additional 12.7% were at risk for IAB; thus, in total, 13.9% displayed DIB. The prevalence of DIB was significantly higher among boys than among girls (15.2% vs. 12.7%, p<0.001) and varied widely between countries, from 7.9% in Iceland to 22.8% in Spain. Frequent use of specific online activities (e.g., gambling, social networking, gaming) at least 6 days/week was associated with greater probability of displaying DIB. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that DIB was more frequent among adolescents with a lower educational level of the parents, earlier age at first use of the Internet, and greater use of social networking sites and gaming sites. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that externalizing (i.e., behavioral) and internalizing (i.e., emotional) problems were associated with the presence of DIB.
在七个欧洲国家（希腊、西班牙、波兰、德国、罗马尼亚、荷兰和冰岛）对14至17岁青少年开展了一项基于学校的横断面调查研究（N = 13284；53%为女性；平均年龄15.8±0.7）。该研究的目的是调查参与国青少年中网络成瘾行为（IAB）的患病率及相关心理社会特征。在研究中，我们区分出两个问题组：患有IAB的青少年，其特征是对互联网使用失去控制；以及“有IAB风险”的青少年，表现出较少或较弱的IAB症状。这两组合起来形成了一组具有功能失调性网络行为（DIB）的青少年。约1%的青少年表现出IAB，另有12.7%有IAB风险；因此，总计13.9%表现出DIB。DIB的患病率在男孩中显著高于女孩（15.2%对12.7%，p<0.001），且在不同国家之间差异很大，从冰岛的7.9%到西班牙的22.8%。每周至少6天频繁使用特定在线活动（如赌博、社交网络、游戏）与表现出DIB的可能性更大相关。多元逻辑回归分析表明，父母教育水平较低、首次使用互联网的年龄较早以及更多使用社交网站和游戏网站的青少年中，DIB更为常见。多元线性回归分析表明，外化（即行为）和内化（即情绪）问题与DIB的存在相关。
