Nakajima Motohiro, Dokam Anisa, Kasim Abed Naji, Alsoofi Mohammed, Khalil Najat Sayem, al'Absi Mustafa
University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota.
Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen.
Prev Chronic Dis. 2014 May 22;11:E86. doi: 10.5888/pcd11.130234.
Khat (Catha edulis) is widely used in East Africa and the Middle East, often in combination with tobacco smoking. Sleep disturbance has been linked with habitual khat use; however, no systematic attempt has been made to test the hypothesis that use of khat and khat and tobacco in combination are related to sleep disturbance. Sleep disturbances are associated with dysregulations in emotional and physiological functions and can increase health risks.
We developed and used the Arabic version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to conduct a cross-sectional study in Yemen examining subjective sleep quality in 151 concurrent users of khat and tobacco, 141 khat-only users, and 92 nonusers. Measures on subjective mood were also collected. A series of analyses of variance and χ(2) tests were conducted to test whether khat and tobacco use was linked with sleep disturbances.
Concurrent users of tobacco and khat and khat-only users showed greater sleep disturbances than nonusers as assessed by the PSQI global scores (all P values < .001) and component scores. PSQI scores were correlated with negative and positive mood (all P values < .004).
Sleep disturbances may be 1 mechanism of the link between khat, tobacco, and negative health outcomes. Our findings may be useful in developing targeted prevention and harm-reduction strategies to minimize health care burdens associated with these substances. Our study also provides initial support for the Arabic version of PSQI.
巧茶（Catha edulis）在东非和中东地区被广泛使用，且常常与吸烟同时进行。睡眠障碍与习惯性使用巧茶有关；然而，尚未有人系统地尝试检验使用巧茶以及同时使用巧茶和烟草与睡眠障碍相关这一假设。睡眠障碍与情绪和生理功能失调有关，会增加健康风险。
我们编制并使用了匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）阿拉伯语版，在也门开展了一项横断面研究，调查了151名同时使用巧茶和烟草的人、141名仅使用巧茶的人以及92名不使用者的主观睡眠质量。还收集了主观情绪方面的测量数据。进行了一系列方差分析和χ²检验，以检验使用巧茶和烟草是否与睡眠障碍有关。
通过PSQI全球得分（所有P值<0.001）和各分量表得分评估，同时使用烟草和巧茶的人以及仅使用巧茶的人比不使用者表现出更严重的睡眠障碍。PSQI得分与消极和积极情绪相关（所有P值<0.004）。
睡眠障碍可能是巧茶、烟草与不良健康后果之间联系的一种机制。我们的研究结果可能有助于制定有针对性的预防和减少危害策略，以尽量减轻与这些物质相关的医疗负担。我们的研究还为PSQI阿拉伯语版提供了初步支持。
