Lüttgenau J, Bollwein H
Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Reprod Biol. 2014 Apr;14(2):103-9. doi: 10.1016/j.repbio.2014.03.003. Epub 2014 Mar 29.
Since luteal vascularization plays a decisive role for the function of the corpus luteum (CL), the investigation of luteal blood flow (LBF) might give valuable information about the physiology and patho-physiology of the CL. To quantify LBF, usually Power mode color Doppler ultrasonography is used. This method detects the number of red blood cells moving through the vessels and shows them as color pixels on the B-mode image of the CL. The area of color pixels is measured with computer-assisted image analysis software and is used as a semiquantitative parameter for the assessment of LBF. Although Power mode is superior for the evaluation of LBF compared to conventional color Doppler ultrasonography, which detects the velocity of blood cells, it is still not sufficiently sensitive to detect the blood flow in the small vessels in the center of the bovine CL. Therefore, blood flow can only be measured in the bigger luteal vessels in the outer edge of the CL. Color Doppler ultrasonographic studies of the bovine estrous cycle have shown that plasma progesterone (P4) concentration can be more reliably predicted by LBF than by luteal size (LS), especially during the CL regression. During the midluteal phase, cows with low P4 level showed smaller CL, but LBF, related to LS, did not differ between cows with low and high P4 levels. In contrast to non-pregnant cows, a significant rise in LBF was observed three weeks after insemination in pregnant cows. However, LBF was not useful for an early pregnancy diagnosis due to high LBF variation among cows. When the effects of an acute systemic inflammation and exogenous hormones on the CL are examined, the LBF determination is more sensitive than LS assessment. In conclusion, color Doppler ultrasonography of the bovine CL provides additional information on luteal function compared to measurements of LS and plasma P4, but its value as a parameter concerning assessment of fertility in cows has to be clarified.
由于黄体血管化对黄体（CL）的功能起着决定性作用，因此对黄体血流（LBF）的研究可能会为CL的生理和病理生理学提供有价值的信息。为了量化LBF，通常使用能量模式彩色多普勒超声检查。该方法检测通过血管移动的红细胞数量，并将它们显示为CL的B模式图像上的彩色像素。彩色像素的面积用计算机辅助图像分析软件测量，并用作评估LBF的半定量参数。尽管与检测血细胞速度的传统彩色多普勒超声相比，能量模式在评估LBF方面更具优势，但它对检测牛CL中心小血管中的血流仍不够敏感。因此，只能在CL外缘较大的黄体血管中测量血流。对牛发情周期的彩色多普勒超声研究表明，与黄体大小（LS）相比，LBF能更可靠地预测血浆孕酮（P4）浓度，尤其是在CL退化期间。在黄体中期，P4水平低的奶牛CL较小，但与LS相关的LBF在P4水平低和高的奶牛之间没有差异。与未怀孕的奶牛相比，怀孕奶牛在授精三周后观察到LBF显著升高。然而，由于奶牛之间LBF变化较大，LBF对早期妊娠诊断无用。当检查急性全身性炎症和外源激素对CL的影响时，LBF测定比LS评估更敏感。总之，与LS和血浆P4测量相比，牛CL的彩色多普勒超声检查提供了有关黄体功能的额外信息，但其作为评估奶牛生育力参数的价值尚需阐明。
