Kim S U
Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Hum Cell. 1989 Jun;2(2):122-31.
Cells isolated from the avian and mammalian central and peripheral nervous system and cultured in vitro provide an opportunity to study in situ properties of neurons and glial cells under relatively simple and carefully controlled conditions. Since Harrison's success in maintaining in vitro embryonic frog spinal cord 80 years ago, neural tissue culture has developed into an important and versatile discipline of neuroscience. The techniques developed in the past fall into four broad classes: Explant cultures, which are explanted from specific neuroanatomic loci to substrates as small tissue fragments. Dissociated cell cultures, which involve the seeding of enzymatically or mechanically dispersed cells on various attachment substrates. Reaggregate cultures, which require re-association of dissociated cells into small aggregates. Purified cell populations, which are prepared by the isolation of different cell types by gradient centrifugation or other separation techniques. These cultures have been utilized in studying various aspects of brain development and function. In this review several areas of significant and stimulating development in neural cell culture have been documented. They include formulation of serum-free medium, effects of growth factors, utilization of cell type-specific markers, and isolation and culture of purified neuronal/glial cells.
从鸟类和哺乳动物的中枢及外周神经系统分离出来并在体外培养的细胞，为在相对简单且可控的条件下研究神经元和神经胶质细胞的原位特性提供了契机。自80年前哈里森成功在体外培养青蛙胚胎脊髓以来，神经组织培养已发展成为神经科学中一个重要且用途广泛的学科。过去开发的技术大致可分为四类：外植体培养，即将特定神经解剖位点的组织作为小组织碎片移植到底物上；解离细胞培养，即将酶解或机械分散的细胞接种到各种附着底物上；重聚集培养，即需要将解离的细胞重新聚集成小聚集体；纯化细胞群体，即通过梯度离心或其他分离技术分离不同细胞类型来制备。这些培养物已被用于研究大脑发育和功能的各个方面。在这篇综述中，记录了神经细胞培养中几个重要且令人振奋的发展领域。它们包括无血清培养基的配方、生长因子的作用、细胞类型特异性标记物的利用以及纯化的神经元/神经胶质细胞的分离和培养。
