Golasik Magdalena, Wodowski Grzegorz, Gomółka Ewa, Herman Małgorzata, Piekoszewski Wojciech
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland.
Outpatients Clinic for Drug Prevention and Treatment of Addicts, Św. Katarzyny 3, 31-063 Krakow, Poland.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2014 Jul;28(3):338-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.04.005. Epub 2014 May 4.
Chronic exposure even to low doses of manganese may lead to development of neurological syndrome similar to parkinsonism. The aim of this research is to assess the possibility of manganese poisoning based on the level of metal in the urine of long-term methcathinone users from Poland. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) was used to determine manganese in urine, while the detection of the psychoactive drugs was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results of survey on longitudinal patterns of drug use showed that users of traditional illicit drugs now turn to cheaper alternatives, such as methcathinone. Parkinsonian features were observed in almost half of methcathinone users. The subjects had a higher mean level of Mn in their urine (8.68±9.27 μg L(-1)) than the controls (4.27±1.91 μg L(-1)). The presence of numerous psychoactive substances (in unchanged forms and their metabolites) was confirmed in all of the samples, with only one exception. The elevated level of manganese in urine (in 29.2% of patients) can be used as a primary marker of recent methcathinone administration, especially in the case of long time intravenous drug users where blood sampling is complicated.
即使长期接触低剂量的锰也可能导致类似帕金森症的神经综合征。本研究的目的是根据波兰长期使用甲卡西酮者尿液中的金属含量评估锰中毒的可能性。采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法（GFAAS）测定尿液中的锰，同时通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检测精神活性药物。关于药物使用纵向模式的调查结果表明，传统非法药物使用者现在转向了更便宜的替代品，如甲卡西酮。几乎一半的甲卡西酮使用者出现了帕金森氏症特征。这些受试者尿液中的锰平均水平（8.68±9.27μg L(-1)）高于对照组（4.27±1.91μg L(-1)）。除一个样本外，所有样本均证实存在多种精神活性物质（以未改变的形式及其代谢物）。尿液中锰水平升高（29.2%的患者）可作为近期使用甲卡西酮的主要标志物，特别是对于长时间静脉吸毒者，采血较为复杂的情况。
