Straehler-Pohl Ilka, Garm Anders, Morandini André C
Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.; Email:
Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 2100 Kbh Ø, Denmark; Email: unknown.
Zootaxa. 2014 Apr 7;3785:533-49. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.4.3.
The family Tripedaliidae was re-defined and expanded based on a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis by Bentlage et al. (2010, Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Science, 277: 497). Additionally, Bentlage et al. (2010) proposed that all members of the family Tripedaliidae present dimorphism in gonads and have structures that function as seminal vesicles (at least in males). Until now, no information on Tripedalia binata concerning gonad morphology, sexual dimorphism, spermatophore formation or structures that serve as seminal vesicles or spermathecae were published. We studied mature medusae of both sexes of Tripedalia cystophora, Tripedalia binata and Copula sivickisi in order to compare these structures in their stomach regions. We found sexual dimorphism and spermatophore formation in seminal vesicle-like structures in all three species. In particular, we show that along with the females of Copula sivickisi, the females of Tripedalia cystophora and Tripedalia binata also possess structures that store spermatophores and serve as spermathecae. The results are in agreement with the morphological synapomorphies for Tripedaliidae outlined in Bentlage et al. (2010), but suggest an adjustment of the diagnosis of Tripedaliidae (underlined): All carybdeids that display sexual dimorphism of the gonads, produce spermatophores and in which males and females possess subgastral sacs, pockets or purses which function as seminal vesicles or spermathecae.
基于本特拉格等人（2010年，《英国皇家学会学报：生物科学》，277卷：497页）提出的分子系统发育假说，三歧海蜇科得到了重新定义和扩充。此外，本特拉格等人（2010年）提出，三歧海蜇科的所有成员性腺均呈现二态性，并且具有充当精囊的结构（至少在雄性中如此）。到目前为止，关于双斑三歧海蜇的性腺形态、两性异形、精荚形成或充当精囊或受精囊的结构尚无相关信息发表。我们研究了透明三歧海蜇、双斑三歧海蜇和西氏结合水母雌雄两性的成熟水母，以便比较它们胃区的这些结构。我们在所有这三个物种的类似精囊的结构中发现了两性异形和精荚形成。特别是，我们发现，除了西氏结合水母的雌性个体外，透明三歧海蜇和双斑三歧海蜇的雌性个体也具有储存精荚并充当受精囊的结构。研究结果与本特拉格等人（2010年）概述的三歧海蜇科形态共衍征相符，但建议对三歧海蜇科的诊断进行调整（下划线部分）：所有显示性腺两性异形、产生精荚且雄性和雌性均具有充当精囊或受精囊的胃下囊、袋或囊的钵水母纲动物。
