Buchheit Martin, Mendez-Villanueva Alberto
a Sport Science Department , Aspire, Academy for Sports Excellence , Doha , Qatar.
J Sports Sci. 2014;32(13):1309-17. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2014.918272. Epub 2014 May 30.
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of changes in maximal aerobic (MAS) and sprinting (MSS) speeds and the anaerobic reserve (ASR) on repeated-sprint performance. Two hundred and seventy highly-trained soccer players (14.5 ± 1.6 year) completed three times per season (over 5 years) a maximal incremental running test to approach MAS, a 40-m sprint with 10-m splits to assess MSS and a repeated-sprint test (10 × 30-m sprints), where best (RSb) and mean (RSm) sprint times, and percentage of speed decrement (%Dec) were calculated. ASR was calculated as MSS-MAS. While ∆RSb were related to ∆MSS and ∆body mass (r(2) = 0.42, 90%CL[0.34;0.49] for the overall multiple regression, n = 334), ∆RSm was also correlated with ∆MAS and ∆sum of 7 skinfolds (r(2) = 0.43 [0.35;0.50], n = 334). There was a small and positive association between ∆%Dec and ∆MAS (r(2) = 0.02 [-0.07;0.11], n = 334). Substantial ∆MSS and ∆MAS had a predictive value of 70 and 55% for ∆RSm, respectively. Finally, ∆ASR per se was not predictive of ∆RSm (Cohen's = +0.8 to -0.3 with increased ASR), but the greater magnitude of ∆RSm improvement was observed when MSS, MAS and ASR increased together (0.8 vs. +0.4 with ASR increased vs. not, additionally to MSS and MAS). Low-cost field tests aimed at assessing maximal sprinting and aerobic speeds can be used to monitor ∆RS performance.
本研究的目的是探讨最大有氧速度（MAS）、短跑速度（MSS）和无氧储备（ASR）的变化对重复冲刺能力的影响。270名训练有素的足球运动员（14.5±1.6岁）在每个赛季（共5年）完成3次最大递增跑步测试以接近MAS，进行一次40米短跑并记录10米分段成绩以评估MSS，以及一次重复冲刺测试（10×30米冲刺），计算最佳冲刺时间（RSb）、平均冲刺时间（RSm）和速度下降百分比（%Dec）。ASR计算为MSS - MAS。虽然∆RSb与∆MSS和∆体重相关（总体多元回归的r(2)=0.42，90%置信区间[0.34;0.49]，n = 334），但∆RSm也与∆MAS和7处皮褶厚度之和相关（r(2)=0.43 [0.35;0.50]，n = 334）。∆%Dec与∆MAS之间存在小的正相关（r(2)=0.02 [-0.07;0.11]，n = 334）。显著的∆MSS和∆MAS对∆RSm的预测价值分别为70%和55%。最后，∆ASR本身对∆RSm没有预测性（随着ASR增加，科恩系数从+0.8到 -0.3），但当MSS、MAS和ASR同时增加时，观察到∆RSm有更大程度的改善（ASR增加时为0.8，ASR未增加时为+0.4，MSS和MAS增加的情况除外）。旨在评估最大短跑速度和有氧速度的低成本现场测试可用于监测∆RS表现。
