Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Department of Pediatrics and Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Cancer Cell Int. 2014 May 16;14:41. doi: 10.1186/1475-2867-14-41. eCollection 2014.
Tumors are not merely masses of neoplastic cells but complex tissues composed of cellular and noncellular elements. This review provides recent data on the main components of a dynamic system, such as carcinoma associated fibroblasts that change the extracellular matrix (ECM) topology, induce stemness and promote metastasis-initiating cells. Altered production and characteristics of collagen, hyaluronan and other ECM proteins induce increased matrix stiffness. Stiffness along with tumor growth-induced solid stress and increased interstitial fluid pressure contribute to tumor progression and therapy resistance. Second, the role of immune cells, cytokines and chemokines is outlined. We discuss other noncellular characteristics of the tumor microenvironment such as hypoxia and extracellular pH in relation to neoangiogenesis. Overall, full understanding of the events driving the interactions between tumor cells and their environment is of crucial importance in overcoming treatment resistance and improving patient outcome.
肿瘤不仅仅是大量的肿瘤细胞，而是由细胞和非细胞成分组成的复杂组织。这篇综述提供了有关动态系统主要成分的最新数据，如癌相关成纤维细胞，其改变细胞外基质 (ECM) 的拓扑结构，诱导干细胞特性并促进转移起始细胞。胶原、透明质酸和其他 ECM 蛋白的改变产生和特性导致基质硬度增加。硬度以及肿瘤生长诱导的固有力和增加的细胞间液压力有助于肿瘤进展和治疗抵抗。其次，概述了免疫细胞、细胞因子和趋化因子的作用。我们讨论了肿瘤微环境中非细胞特性，如缺氧和细胞外 pH 值与新生血管形成的关系。总的来说，全面了解驱动肿瘤细胞与其环境相互作用的事件对于克服治疗抵抗和改善患者预后至关重要。
