Nordenström B E
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Physiol Chem Phys Med NMR. 1989;21(4):265-78.
The neuron and its vascular-interstitial communications form, in vivo, an electrophoretic closed circuit. It is charged by ionic pumps in the nerve cell membrane at rest. Electrophoretic products of reaction collect at biologic electrodes, represented by redox proteins. These are located in the pre- and postsynaptic membranes and also in associated capillary membranes in the vascular part of the closed circuit. Efferent brain impulses start a series of events preceding muscle contraction. They open ionic channels in the membrane of the nerve cell body. A short-circuiting is thereby created, and cations flow into the cell. The membrane pumps cannot withstand this ionic inflow and maintain the transmembranous potential difference. The circuit is no longer driven but starts selfdriving reactions by previously formed products of reaction at the biological electrodes. Fuel cell reactions start at these and create in the axon the peak of the action potential. In vivo, the action potentials preceding the contracting of a muscle are transmitted through the circuit. In the vascular pathway of the closed circuit, the action potentials appear, by summation, as the previously described slow potential waves. The function of nerve cell matrices, as well as the nodes of Ranvier, are discussed. The proposed theory is in accordance with the vascular-interstitial-neuromuscular closed circuit. It provides new possibilities to explain the development of the action potential, transport and disappearance of various synaptic structures and the neurotransmitter. Technical analogues are presented to illustrate a new possible background mechanism for understanding structure and function in neuromuscular transmission.
在体内，神经元及其与血管-间质的通讯构成一个电泳闭合回路。在静息状态下，它由神经细胞膜中的离子泵充电。反应的电泳产物聚集在以氧化还原蛋白为代表的生物电极处。这些氧化还原蛋白位于突触前膜和突触后膜以及闭合回路血管部分的相关毛细血管膜中。传出性脑冲动引发一系列先于肌肉收缩的事件。它们打开神经细胞体膜中的离子通道。由此产生短路，阳离子流入细胞。膜泵无法承受这种离子流入并维持跨膜电位差。回路不再由外部驱动，而是通过生物电极上先前形成的反应产物开始自我驱动反应。燃料电池反应在这些电极处启动，并在轴突中产生动作电位峰值。在体内，肌肉收缩之前的动作电位通过该回路传导。在闭合回路的血管路径中，动作电位通过叠加呈现为前述的慢电位波。文中还讨论了神经细胞基质以及郎飞结的功能。所提出的理论与血管-间质-神经肌肉闭合回路相符。它为解释动作电位的产生、各种突触结构和神经递质的运输及消失提供了新的可能性。文中展示了技术类似物，以说明一种理解神经肌肉传递中结构和功能的新的可能背景机制。
