Saucedo-García Aurora, Anaya Ana Luisa, Espinosa-García Francisco J, González María C
Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México; Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México.
Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México.
PLoS One. 2014 Jun 2;9(6):e98454. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098454. eCollection 2014.
Over the past 20 years, the biodiversity associated with shaded coffee plantations and the role of diverse agroforestry types in biodiversity conservation and environmental services have been topics of debate. Endophytic fungi, which are microorganisms that inhabit plant tissues in an asymptomatic manner, form a part of the biodiversity associated with coffee plants. Studies on the endophytic fungi communities of cultivable host plants have shown variability among farming regions; however, the variability in fungal endophytic communities of coffee plants among different coffee agroforestry systems is still poorly understood. As such, we analyzed the diversity and communities of foliar endophytic fungi inhabiting Coffea arabica plants growing in the rustic plantations and simple polycultures of two regions in the center of Veracruz, Mexico. The endophytic fungi isolates were identified by their morphological traits, and the majority of identified species correspond to species of fungi previously reported as endophytes of coffee leaves. We analyzed and compared the colonization rates, diversity, and communities of endophytes found in the different agroforestry systems and in the different regions. Although the endophytic diversity was not fully recovered, we found differences in the abundance and diversity of endophytes among the coffee regions and differences in richness between the two different agroforestry systems of each region. No consistent pattern of community similarity was found between the coffee agroforestry systems, but we found that rustic plantations shared the highest number of morphospecies. The results suggest that endophyte abundance, richness, diversity, and communities may be influenced predominantly by coffee region, and to a lesser extent, by the agroforestry system. Our results contribute to the knowledge of the relationships between agroforestry systems and biodiversity conservation and provide information regarding some endophytic fungi and their communities as potential management tools against coffee plant pests and pathogens.
在过去20年里,与遮荫咖啡种植园相关的生物多样性以及不同农林业类型在生物多样性保护和环境服务中的作用一直是争论的话题。内生真菌是一类以无症状方式栖息于植物组织中的微生物,是与咖啡植物相关的生物多样性的一部分。对可培养宿主植物内生真菌群落的研究表明,不同种植区域存在差异;然而,不同咖啡农林业系统中咖啡植物真菌内生群落的差异仍知之甚少。因此,我们分析了生长在墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯州中部两个地区的乡村种植园和简单混交林中的阿拉伯咖啡植物叶片内生真菌的多样性和群落。通过形态特征鉴定内生真菌分离株,大多数鉴定出的物种与先前报道的咖啡叶内生真菌物种相对应。我们分析并比较了不同农林业系统和不同地区内生菌的定殖率、多样性和群落。虽然内生菌的多样性没有完全恢复,但我们发现咖啡种植区域之间内生菌的丰度和多样性存在差异,每个地区的两种不同农林业系统之间丰富度也存在差异。在咖啡农林业系统之间未发现一致的群落相似模式,但我们发现乡村种植园共有形态种数量最多。结果表明,内生菌的丰度、丰富度、多样性和群落可能主要受咖啡种植区域的影响,其次受农林业系统的影响。我们的研究结果有助于了解农林业系统与生物多样性保护之间的关系,并提供有关一些内生真菌及其群落的信息,作为防治咖啡植物病虫害的潜在管理工具。