Theilade E
Ann R Australas Coll Dent Surg. 1989 Oct;10:62-71.
More than 200 species of micro-organisms have been identified in the resident oral microflora colonizing teeth and oral mucosa. Their numbers and proportions are regulated by several ecological mechanisms such as antimicrobial factors in saliva and gingival fluid, intermicrobial synergism and antagonism, host diet, etc. Due to their pathogenic potential, oral micro-organisms cause dental caries, periodontal disease, mixed anaerobic infections of oral tissues, and sometimes infections in other organs. The role of specific bacteria or virulence factors in plaque-induced diseases is difficult to assess because of the microbial complexity and variability of dental plaque. Correlations have been established between Streptococcus mutans, lactobacilli and dental caries, and also between spirochaetes, certain Gram-negative rods and periodontal inflammation. The predictive value of microbiological tests as indicators of active caries or periodontal destruction is, however, too low to justify clinical use. Preventive methods such as plaque control and sugar restriction help establish a microflora compatible with oral health.
在定植于牙齿和口腔黏膜的常驻口腔微生物群落中，已鉴定出200多种微生物。它们的数量和比例受多种生态机制调节，如唾液和龈沟液中的抗菌因子、微生物间的协同作用和拮抗作用、宿主饮食等。由于其致病潜力，口腔微生物会导致龋齿、牙周疾病、口腔组织的混合厌氧感染，有时还会引起其他器官的感染。由于牙菌斑的微生物复杂性和变异性，特定细菌或毒力因子在菌斑诱导疾病中的作用难以评估。变形链球菌、乳酸杆菌与龋齿之间，以及螺旋体、某些革兰氏阴性杆菌与牙周炎症之间已建立了相关性。然而，微生物学检测作为活动性龋齿或牙周破坏指标的预测价值过低，无法证明其在临床中的应用合理性。诸如控制牙菌斑和限制糖分摄入等预防方法有助于建立与口腔健康相适应的微生物群落。
