Andersen Peter, Kaufmann Stefan H E
Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2014 Jun 2;4(6):a018523. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a018523.
The tuberculosis (TB) pandemic continues to rampage despite widespread use of the BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine. Novel vaccination strategies are urgently needed to arrest global transmission and prevent the uncontrolled development of multidrug-resistant forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Over the last two decades, considerable progress has been made in the field of vaccine development with numerous innovative preclinical candidates and more than a dozen vaccines in clinical trials. These vaccines are developed either as boosters of the current BCG vaccine or as novel prime vaccines to replace BCG. Given the enormous prevalence of latent TB infection, vaccines that are protective on top of an already established infection remain a high priority and a significant scientific challenge. Here we discuss the current state of TB vaccine research and development, our understanding of the underlying immunology, and the requirements for an efficient TB vaccine.
尽管卡介苗（BCG）已广泛使用，但结核病大流行仍在肆虐。迫切需要新的疫苗接种策略来遏制全球传播，并防止结核分枝杆菌多重耐药形式的失控发展。在过去二十年中，疫苗研发领域取得了相当大的进展，有众多创新的临床前候选疫苗以及十多种疫苗正在进行临床试验。这些疫苗要么作为现有卡介苗的加强剂开发，要么作为取代卡介苗的新型初种疫苗开发。鉴于潜伏性结核感染的极高患病率，对已感染人群仍具保护作用的疫苗仍是重中之重，也是一项重大的科学挑战。在此，我们讨论结核病疫苗研发的现状、对基础免疫学的理解以及高效结核病疫苗的要求。
