Anderson Nora, Steinauer Jody, Valente Thomas, Koblentz Jenna, Dehlendorf Christine
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, and Center for Reproductive Health Research, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF).
Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2014 Sep;46(3):141-8. doi: 10.1363/46e1814. Epub 2014 Jun 3.
Few U.S. women use an IUD, despite the method's efficacy and ease of use. While studies have found that misconceptions about IUDs are prevalent, few have examined the influence of women's social networks on perceptions of the method.
Twenty-four interviews and three focus groups (comprising 14 participants) were conducted in 2013 with a diverse sample of women aged 15-45 recruited from family planning clinics and the community in San Francisco. Half of participants had used IUDs. Women were asked about their social communication concerning contraceptives, particularly IUDs, and about the content of the information they had received or given. Transcripts were analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach to identify themes of interest.
Women reported that communication with female friends and family members was a valued means of obtaining information about contraceptives, and that negative information (which often was incorrect) was more prevalent and memorable than positive information in such communication. Women heard about negative experiences with IUDs from social contacts and television commercials; clinicians were a major source of positive information. Women who had never used IUDs expressed interest in learning about potential side effects and how IUDs feel, while users reported emphasizing to friends and family the method's efficacy and ease of use.
Misinformation and negative information about IUDs are prevalent in social communication, and the information transmitted through social networks differs from the information never-users wish to receive. Findings support the creation of peer-led interventions to encourage IUD users to share positive personal experiences and evidence-based information.
尽管宫内节育器（IUD）这种避孕方法有效且使用方便，但美国使用它的女性却很少。虽然研究发现对宫内节育器的误解很普遍，但很少有研究探讨女性社交网络对其对该方法认知的影响。
2013年，对从旧金山计划生育诊所和社区招募的15至45岁的不同女性样本进行了24次访谈和3次焦点小组讨论（共14名参与者）。一半的参与者使用过宫内节育器。研究人员询问了这些女性关于她们在避孕方面的社交交流情况，特别是关于宫内节育器的交流，以及她们所接收或提供的信息内容。使用改进的扎根理论方法对访谈记录进行分析，以确定感兴趣的主题。
女性报告称，与女性朋友和家庭成员的交流是获取避孕信息的重要途径，而且在这种交流中，负面信息（通常是不正确的）比正面信息更普遍且更容易记住。女性从社交联系人及电视广告中听说了使用宫内节育器的负面经历；临床医生是正面信息的主要来源。从未使用过宫内节育器的女性表示有兴趣了解其潜在副作用及使用感受，而使用者则向朋友和家人强调该方法的有效性和易用性。
关于宫内节育器的错误信息和负面信息在社交交流中很普遍，通过社交网络传播的信息与未使用者希望获取的信息不同。研究结果支持开展由同龄人主导的干预措施，鼓励宫内节育器使用者分享积极的个人经历和基于证据的信息。
