Hatch K K, Lefebvre L
Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 avenue Docteur Penfield, Montréal, Québec H3A 1B1, Canada.
Behav Processes. 1997 Oct;41(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/s0376-6357(97)00022-3.
Parent-offspring transmission is usually thought to be the major route for cultural learning. We tested this assumption in ringdoves (Streptopelia risoria), a flock feeding Columbid that is easily raised in captivity. An aviary study first determined the foraging associations of juveniles placed with their sibling, their parents and a pair of non-kin adults. Juveniles foraged more often with kin than with non-kin and joined food discoveries in proportion to these foraging associations; aggression was relatively rare and came more often from unrelated adults than from parents. Two cage experiments showed that parents were not copied more often than unrelated adults when the two tutor types provided different, but equally productive, solutions to a feeding problem. Neither the ingestion of unfamiliar food (two seed types the juveniles had never encountered) nor the learning of a new food searching skill (opening a box containing seed) showed a differential effect of father versus non-kin tutors. Animals that scramble compete for food may thus acquire social information from whatever knowledgeable individuals are present, whether these are kin, unrelated conspecifics or heterospecifics.
亲子传播通常被认为是文化学习的主要途径。我们在环颈鸽（Streptopelia risoria）身上测试了这一假设，环颈鸽是一种群居觅食的鸽类，易于圈养。一项鸟舍研究首先确定了与同胞、父母以及一对非亲属成年鸽一起饲养的幼鸽的觅食关联。幼鸽与亲属一起觅食的频率高于与非亲属，并且根据这些觅食关联加入食物发现活动；攻击行为相对较少，且更多来自非亲属成年鸽而非父母。两项笼子实验表明，当两种导师类型为进食问题提供不同但同样有效的解决方案时，幼鸽模仿父母的频率并不高于模仿非亲属成年鸽。无论是摄取不熟悉的食物（两种幼鸽从未见过的种子类型）还是学习新的食物搜索技能（打开装有种子的盒子），父亲与非亲属导师都没有表现出差异效应。因此，争抢食物的动物可能会从任何在场的有知识的个体那里获取社会信息，无论这些个体是亲属、非亲属同种个体还是异种个体。
