Coeur d'Acier Armelle, Cruaud Astrid, Artige Emmanuelle, Genson Gwenaëlle, Clamens Anne-Laure, Pierre Eric, Hudaverdian Sylvie, Simon Jean-Christophe, Jousselin Emmanuelle, Rasplus Jean-Yves
INRA, UMR 1062 CBGP (Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations), Montferrier-sur-Lez, France.
INRA, UMR IGEPP (Institute of Genetics, Environnement and Plant Protection), Le Rheu, France.
PLoS One. 2014 Jun 4;9(6):e97620. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097620. eCollection 2014.
Aphids constitute a diverse group of plant-feeding insects and are among the most important crop pests in temperate regions. Their morphological identification is time-consuming and requires specific knowledge, training and skills that may take years to acquire. We assessed the advantages and limits of DNA barcoding with the standard COI barcode fragment for the identification of European aphids. We constructed a large reference dataset of barcodes from 1020 specimens belonging to 274 species and 87 genera sampled throughout Europe and set up a database-driven website allowing species identification from query sequences.
In this unbiased sampling of the taxonomic diversity of European aphids, intraspecific divergence ranged from 0.0% to 3.9%, with a mean value of 0.29%, whereas mean congeneric divergence was 6.4%, ranging from 0.0% to 15%. Neighbor-joining analysis generated a tree in which most species clustered in distinct genetic units. Most of the species with undifferentiated or overlapping barcodes belonged to the genus Aphis or, to a lesser extent, the genera Brachycaudus, Dysaphis and Macrosiphum. The taxa involved were always morphologically similar or closely related and belonged to species groups known to present taxonomic difficulties.
These data confirm that COI barcoding is a useful identification tool for aphids. Barcode identification is straightforward and reliable for 80% of species, including some difficult to distinguish on the basis of morphological characters alone. Unsurprisingly, barcodes often failed to distinguish between species from groups for which classical taxonomy has also reached its limits, leading to endless revisions and discussions about species and subspecies definitions. In such cases, the development of an effective procedure for the accurate identification of aphid specimens continues to pose a difficult challenge.
蚜虫是一类多样化的植食性昆虫，是温带地区最重要的作物害虫之一。其形态鉴定耗时且需要特定的知识、培训和技能，这些可能需要数年才能掌握。我们评估了使用标准COI条形码片段进行DNA条形码技术鉴定欧洲蚜虫的优势和局限性。我们构建了一个大型参考数据集，包含来自欧洲各地采样的1020个标本的条形码，这些标本属于274个物种和87个属，并建立了一个基于数据库的网站，允许根据查询序列进行物种鉴定。
在对欧洲蚜虫分类多样性的无偏差抽样中，种内差异范围为0.0%至3.9%，平均值为0.29%，而同属平均差异为6.4%，范围为0.0%至15%。邻接法分析生成了一棵树，其中大多数物种聚集成不同的遗传单位。大多数条形码未分化或重叠的物种属于蚜属，或者在较小程度上属于短尾蚜属、缢管蚜属和长管蚜属。所涉及的分类单元在形态上总是相似或密切相关，并且属于已知存在分类困难的物种组。
这些数据证实COI条形码技术是蚜虫的一种有用鉴定工具。条形码鉴定对于80%的物种来说直接且可靠，包括一些仅根据形态特征难以区分的物种。不出所料，条形码常常无法区分那些经典分类学也已达到其极限的物种组中的物种，导致关于物种和亚种定义的无休止修订和讨论。在这种情况下，开发一种准确鉴定蚜虫标本的有效程序仍然是一项艰巨的挑战。
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