Watanabe S
Department of Psychology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
Behav Processes. 1993 Dec;30(3):225-31. doi: 10.1016/0376-6357(93)90134-D.
Pigeons were trained on a natural concept (food vs. non-food) and on a pseudoconcept (arbitrary classification of edible and not edible stimuli). The birds were trained with real objects and then tested with colour photographs in the object-to-picture transfer group, and they were trained and tested in the reverse order in a picture-to-object transfer group. The subjects showed good transfer of discrimination in both directions when the task involved a natural concept, but they did not show transfer of a pseudoconcept discrimination. Because all birds saw the same stimuli during the discriminative training, the difference in transfer was due to the type of classification of the stimuli. These results suggest object-picture equivalence based on functional classification.
鸽子接受了关于自然概念（食物与非食物）和伪概念（可食用与不可食用刺激的任意分类）的训练。在物体到图片转换组中，鸽子先用真实物体进行训练，然后用彩色照片进行测试；而在图片到物体转换组中，训练和测试的顺序则相反。当任务涉及自然概念时，受试者在两个方向上都表现出良好的辨别迁移能力，但在伪概念辨别方面却没有表现出迁移。由于所有鸽子在辨别训练期间看到的刺激相同，因此迁移的差异是由刺激的分类类型造成的。这些结果表明基于功能分类的物体 - 图片等效性。
