Wegman Jessica J, Morrison Evan, Wilcox Kenneth Tyler, DeLong Caroline M
Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Rochester Institute of Technology 18 Lomb Memorial Dr., Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Letters, University of Notre Dame, 390 Corbett Family Hall, South Bend, IN 46556, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Jul 13;12(14):1797. doi: 10.3390/ani12141797.
This study examined goldfishes' ability to recognize photographs of rotated 3D objects. Six goldfish were presented with color photographs of a plastic model turtle and frog at 0° in a two-alternative forced-choice task. Fish were tested with stimuli at 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° rotated in the picture plane and two depth planes. All six fish performed significantly above chance at all orientations in the three rotation planes tested. There was no significant difference in performance as a function of aspect angle, which supported viewpoint independence. However, fish were significantly faster at 180° than at +/-90°, so there is also evidence for viewpoint-dependent representations. These fish subjects performed worse overall in the current study with 2D color photographs (M = 88.0%) than they did in our previous study with 3D versions of the same turtle and frog stimuli (M = 92.6%), although they performed significantly better than goldfish in our two past studies presented with black and white 2D stimuli (M = 67.6% and 69.0%). The fish may have relied on color as a salient cue. This study was a first attempt at examining picture-object recognition in fish. More work is needed to determine the conditions under which fish succeed at object constancy tasks, as well as whether they are capable of perceiving photographs as representations of real-world objects.
本研究考察了金鱼识别旋转3D物体照片的能力。在一个二选一的强制选择任务中，向六条金鱼呈现塑料模型龟和青蛙在0°时的彩色照片。用在画面平面和两个深度平面中分别旋转0°、90°、180°和270°的刺激物对金鱼进行测试。在测试的三个旋转平面的所有方向上，所有六条金鱼的表现均显著高于随机水平。作为视角角度的函数，表现没有显著差异，这支持了视角独立性。然而，金鱼在180°时的反应明显比在+/-90°时更快，所以也有证据表明存在视角依赖表征。在当前这项使用二维彩色照片的研究中，这些金鱼受试者的总体表现（M = 88.0%）比我们之前使用相同龟和青蛙刺激物的三维版本的研究（M = 92.6%）要差，不过它们的表现明显优于我们过去两项使用黑白二维刺激物的研究中的金鱼（M = 67.6%和69.0%）。金鱼可能将颜色作为一个显著线索。本研究是首次尝试考察鱼类的图片 - 物体识别。需要开展更多工作来确定鱼类在物体恒常性任务中成功的条件，以及它们是否能够将照片视为真实世界物体的表征。
