Ommundsen Reidar, Van der Veer Kees, Larsen Knud S, Eilertsen Dag-Erik
Psychol Rep. 2014 Apr;114(2):461-78. doi: 10.2466/17.PR0.114k20w0.
In the U.S. media, unauthorized immigrants are often interchangeably referred to as "illegal aliens," "illegal immigrants," and undocumented immigrants." In spite of formal equivalence, these terms carry different connotations, but the effects of these labels on people's attitudes toward immigrants are not well documented. In this replication study, 274 undergraduate students in psychology responded to one of three randomly distributed versions of a 20-item scale measuring attitudes toward unauthorized immigration. The items in the three scale versions varyingly referred to immigrants using the three terms. Results showed differences in attitudes toward unauthorized immigration between all experimental conditions. The label "illegal immigrants" yielded significantly less positive attitudes compared to the label "undocumented immigrants," and respondents exposed to the label "illegal aliens" showed the most positive attitudes. Furthermore, the effects of the experimental conditions were not moderated by the respondents' patriotism, sex, or own immigrant background.
在美国媒体中，未经授权的移民常被交替称为“非法外国人”“非法移民”和“无证移民”。尽管在形式上等同，但这些术语有着不同的内涵，然而这些标签对人们对待移民态度的影响却鲜有充分记录。在这项复制研究中，274名心理学专业的本科生对一份20项量表的三个随机分发版本之一做出回应，该量表用于测量对未经授权移民的态度。三个量表版本中的项目使用这三个术语对移民的指代各不相同。结果显示，所有实验条件下对未经授权移民的态度存在差异。与“无证移民”这一标签相比，“非法移民”这一标签产生的积极态度明显更少，而接触到“非法外国人”这一标签的受访者表现出最积极的态度。此外，实验条件的影响不受受访者的爱国主义、性别或自身移民背景的调节。
