Pate M L, Dai X
J Agric Saf Health. 2014 Apr;20(2):109-25.
The purpose of this study was to assess how selected variables affect the confined-space hazard perceptions of farmers in Utah. A confined space was defined as "any space found in an agricultural workplace that was not designed or intended as a regular workstation, has limited or restricted means of entry or exit, and contains potential physical and toxic hazards to workers who intentionally or unintentionally enter the space" (proposed by NCERA-197, 18 May 2011, draft copy). A total of 303 out of 327 farm owner/operators provided complete surveys that were used in the analysis. The state of Utah was grouped into five regions in this study: central, east, northeast, northwest, and southwest. Grain and dairy production comprised 48.7% of the operations responding to the survey. The general linear modeling (GLM) procedure in SAS 9.3 was used to select the models on hazard perception scores for the five studied regions. Interested predictors included response type, production type, safety planning, and injury concerns. Animal production operations had the highest average number of confined spaces (micro = 4, SD = 2.7). Regionally, the northwest region had the highest average number of confined spaces (micro = 4, SD = 2.5). The variables contributing most to confined-space hazard perceptions were injury and death concerns while working alone in confined spaces. Three factors were generated using principle factor analysis (PFA) with orthogonal varimax rotation. Results suggested that factors affect hazard perceptions differently by region. We conclude that outreach and educational efforts to change safety behaviors regarding confined-space hazards should be strategically targeted for each region based on predicting factors. The result can assist agricultural safety and health professionals in targeting agricultural producers' social networks to address human factors such as worker attitudes and/or lack of skills or knowledge that effect hazard perceptions of confined spaces in agriculture.
本研究的目的是评估选定变量如何影响犹他州农民对受限空间的危险认知。受限空间被定义为“农业工作场所中任何未被设计或用作常规工作站的空间，其进出方式有限或受限，并且对有意或无意进入该空间的工人存在潜在的物理和有毒危害”（由NCERA - 197于2011年5月18日提出，草案副本）。在327名农场主/经营者中，共有303人提供了完整的调查问卷并用于分析。在本研究中，犹他州被划分为五个区域：中部、东部、东北部、西北部和西南部。谷物和乳制品生产占回应调查的经营活动的48.7%。使用SAS 9.3中的一般线性模型（GLM）程序为五个研究区域选择关于危险认知得分的模型。感兴趣的预测变量包括回应类型、生产类型、安全规划和对受伤的担忧。畜牧生产经营场所的受限空间平均数量最多（均值 = 4，标准差 = 2.7）。在区域方面，西北地区的受限空间平均数量最多（均值 = 4，标准差 = 2.5）。对受限空间危险认知影响最大的变量是在受限空间单独工作时对受伤和死亡的担忧。使用主因子分析（PFA）和正交方差最大化旋转生成了三个因子。结果表明，不同区域的因子对危险认知的影响不同。我们得出结论，应根据预测因子针对每个区域有策略地开展旨在改变关于受限空间危险的安全行为的宣传和教育工作。该结果可帮助农业安全与健康专业人员针对农业生产者的社交网络，以解决诸如工人态度和/或缺乏影响农业中受限空间危险认知的技能或知识等人为因素。
