Li Sheng, Mason Christopher E
Department of Physiology and Biophysics and HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; email:
Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2014;15:127-50. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genom-090413-025405. Epub 2014 Jun 2.
Posttranscriptionally modified nucleosides in RNA play integral roles in the cellular control of biological information that is encoded in DNA. The modifications of RNA span all three phylogenetic domains (Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya) and are pervasive across RNA types, including messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and (less frequently) small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and microRNA (miRNA). Nucleotide modifications are also one of the most evolutionarily conserved properties of RNAs, and the sites of modification are under strong selective pressure. However, many of these modifications, as well as their prevalence and impact, have only recently been discovered. Here, we examine both labile and permanent modifications, from simple methylation to complex transcript alteration (RNA editing and intron retention); detail the models for their processing; and highlight remaining questions in the field of the epitranscriptome.
RNA中经过转录后修饰的核苷在细胞对DNA编码的生物信息的控制中发挥着不可或缺的作用。RNA的修饰跨越古细菌、细菌和真核生物这三个系统发育域，并且普遍存在于各种RNA类型中，包括信使RNA（mRNA）、转运RNA（tRNA）、核糖体RNA（rRNA），以及（较少见的）小核RNA（snRNA）和微小RNA（miRNA）。核苷酸修饰也是RNA最具进化保守性的特性之一，修饰位点受到强大的选择压力。然而，其中许多修饰以及它们的普遍性和影响直到最近才被发现。在这里，我们研究了从简单甲基化到复杂转录本改变（RNA编辑和内含子保留）的不稳定和永久性修饰；详细介绍了它们的加工模型；并突出了表观转录组领域中仍存在的问题。
