Paras K L, O'Brien V A, Reiskind M H
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, U.S.A.
Med Vet Entomol. 2014 Aug;28 Suppl 1:60-7. doi: 10.1111/mve.12069. Epub 2014 Jun 5.
Dirofilaria immitis Leidy (Spirurida: Onchocercidae), or heartworm, is a mosquito-borne nematode that causes a fatal disease in carnivores. Although infection is preventable through prophylactic drugs, compliance and the spectre of resistance suggest vector control is a viable alternative. There were two main objectives in this study: (a) to evaluate the relationships between landscape and social factors and the number and species of heartworm-positive mosquitoes, with a specific focus on the importance of the invasive Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Stegomyia albopicta) (Diptera: Culicidae), and (b) to test the hypothesis that dog heartworm is more prevalent in suburban than in rural areas. To achieve these objectives, mosquitoes were collected from May to November 2010 at 16 rural and 16 urban locations in Payne County, Oklahoma, U.S.A. using three trapping methods that utilized, respectively, resting boxes, carbon dioxide traps and BG Sentinel traps. Urban areas showed greater numbers of Ae. albopictus and a higher overall likelihood of infection with D. immitis. Because many species of mosquito are responsible for heartworm transmission, current prophylactic treatment remains the best method of controlling this parasite.
犬恶丝虫（Leidy，旋尾目：盘尾丝虫科），即心丝虫，是一种由蚊子传播的线虫，可在食肉动物中引发致命疾病。尽管通过预防性药物可预防感染，但由于用药依从性问题以及耐药性的出现，表明病媒控制是一种可行的替代方法。本研究有两个主要目标：（a）评估景观和社会因素与心丝虫阳性蚊子的数量和种类之间的关系，特别关注入侵性亚洲虎蚊白纹伊蚊（Skuse）（白纹伊蚊）（双翅目：蚊科）的重要性；（b）检验犬心丝虫在郊区比农村地区更普遍的假设。为实现这些目标，于2010年5月至11月在美国俄克拉荷马州佩恩县的16个农村和16个城市地点，使用三种诱捕方法收集蚊子，这三种方法分别使用了栖息箱、二氧化碳诱捕器和BG Sentinel诱捕器。城市地区白纹伊蚊数量更多，感染犬恶丝虫的总体可能性更高。由于多种蚊子都可传播心丝虫，目前的预防性治疗仍然是控制这种寄生虫的最佳方法。
