a Department of Pharmaceutics , Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) , Bilaspur , Chhattisgarh , India.
Drug Deliv. 2016;23(3):681-93. doi: 10.3109/10717544.2014.920431. Epub 2014 Jun 5.
In recent years, nanotechnology-based delivery systems have gained interest to overcome the problems of restricted absorption of therapeutic agents from the nasal cavity, depending upon the physicochemical properties of the drug and physiological properties of the human nose.
The well-tolerated and non-invasive nasal drug delivery when combined with the nanotechnology-based novel formulations and carriers, opens the way for the effective systemic and brain targeting delivery of various therapeutic agents. To accomplish competent drug delivery, it is imperative to recognize the interactions among the nanomaterials and the nasal biological environment, targeting cell-surface receptors, drug release, multiple drug administration, stability of therapeutic agents and molecular mechanisms of cell signaling involved in patho-biology of the disease under consideration.
Quite a few systems have been successfully formulated using nanomaterials for intranasal (IN) delivery. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), chitosan, polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and PLGA-based nanosystems have also been studied in vitro and in vivo for the delivery of several therapeutic agents which shown promising concentrations in the brain after nasal administration.
The use of nanomaterials including peptide-based nanotubes and nanogels (NGs) for vaccine delivery via nasal route is a new approach to control the disease progression. In this review, the recent developments in nanotechnology utilized for nasal drug delivery have been discussed.
近年来，基于纳米技术的递药系统受到关注，以克服治疗剂从鼻腔吸收受限的问题，这取决于药物的理化性质和人鼻的生理特性。
将耐受性良好且非侵入性的鼻内药物输送与基于纳米技术的新型制剂和载体相结合，为各种治疗剂的有效全身和脑部靶向输送开辟了道路。为了实现有效的药物输送，必须认识到纳米材料与鼻腔生物环境之间的相互作用、靶向细胞表面受体、药物释放、多次给药、治疗剂的稳定性以及所考虑疾病的病理生物学中涉及的细胞信号转导的分子机制。
已经使用纳米材料成功地配制了相当多的用于鼻内（IN）输送的系统。碳纳米管（CNT）、壳聚糖、聚乳酸-共-羟基乙酸（PLGA）和基于 PLGA 的纳米系统也已经在体外和体内进行了研究，用于输送几种治疗剂，这些治疗剂在鼻腔给药后显示出有希望的脑部浓度。
包括基于肽的纳米管和纳米凝胶（NG）在内的纳米材料用于通过鼻内途径输送疫苗是控制疾病进展的一种新方法。在这篇综述中，讨论了用于鼻内药物输送的纳米技术的最新进展。
