Gandhi Shivani, Shastri Divyesh H, Shah Jigar, Nair Anroop B, Jacob Shery
Department of Pharmaceutics, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, A Constituent College of Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Sarva Vidyalaya Kelavani Mandal, Gh-6, Sector-23, Kadi Campus, Gandhinagar 382023, Gujarat, India.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India.
Pharmaceutics. 2024 Apr 1;16(4):481. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040481.
The nose-to-brain drug-delivery system has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome the challenges associated with conventional drug administration for central nervous system disorders. This emerging field is driven by the anatomical advantages of the nasal route, enabling the direct transport of drugs from the nasal cavity to the brain, thereby circumventing the blood-brain barrier. This review highlights the significance of the anatomical features of the nasal cavity, emphasizing its high permeability and rich blood supply that facilitate rapid drug absorption and onset of action, rendering it a promising domain for neurological therapeutics. Exploring recent developments and innovations in different nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and nanogels unveils their diverse functions in improving drug-delivery efficiency and targeting specificity within this system. To minimize the potential risk of nanoparticle-induced toxicity in the nasal mucosa, this article also delves into the latest advancements in the formulation strategies commonly involving surface modifications, incorporating cutting-edge materials, the adjustment of particle properties, and the development of novel formulations to improve drug stability, release kinetics, and targeting specificity. These approaches aim to enhance drug absorption while minimizing adverse effects. These strategies hold the potential to catalyze the advancement of safer and more efficient nose-to-brain drug-delivery systems, consequently revolutionizing treatments for neurological disorders. This review provides a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical-industry professionals seeking to advance the development of effective and safe therapies for central nervous system disorders.
鼻脑给药系统已成为一种很有前景的策略，可克服与中枢神经系统疾病传统给药相关的挑战。这一新兴领域是由鼻腔途径的解剖学优势驱动的，它能使药物从鼻腔直接运输到大脑，从而绕过血脑屏障。本文综述强调了鼻腔解剖学特征的重要性，着重指出其高渗透性和丰富的血液供应有助于药物快速吸收和起效，使其成为神经治疗学的一个有前景的领域。探索不同纳米载体（如脂质体、聚合物纳米颗粒、固体脂质纳米颗粒、树枝状大分子、胶束、纳米乳液、纳米混悬液、碳纳米管、介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒和纳米凝胶）的最新进展和创新，揭示了它们在提高该系统内药物递送效率和靶向特异性方面的多种功能。为了将纳米颗粒在鼻黏膜中引起毒性的潜在风险降至最低，本文还深入探讨了制剂策略的最新进展，这些策略通常涉及表面修饰、纳入前沿材料、调整颗粒性质以及开发新型制剂以提高药物稳定性、释放动力学和靶向特异性。这些方法旨在增强药物吸收，同时将不良反应降至最低。这些策略有可能推动更安全、更高效的鼻脑给药系统的发展，从而彻底改变神经疾病的治疗方法。本文综述为寻求推进中枢神经系统疾病有效和安全治疗方法发展的研究人员、临床医生和制药行业专业人士提供了宝贵的资源。
