IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd, P.O. Box 210 60, SE-100 31 Stockholm, Sweden E-mail:
Water Sci Technol. 2014;69(11):2372-80. doi: 10.2166/wst.2014.172.
Pharmaceutical residues, which pass naturally through the human body into sewage, are in many cases virtually unaffected by conventional wastewater treatment. Accumulated in the environment, however, they can significantly impact aquatic life. The present study indicates that many pharmaceutical residues found in wastewater can be removed with activated carbon in a cost-efficient system that delivers higher resource utilisation and security than other carbon systems. The experiment revealed a substantial separation of the analysed compounds, notwithstanding their relatively high solubility in water and dissimilar chemical structures. This implies that beds of activated carbon may be a competitive alternative to treatment with ozone. The effluent water used for the tests, performed over 20 months, originated from Stockholm's largest sewage treatment plant. Passing through a number of different filters with activated carbon removed 90-98% of the pharmaceutical residues from the water. This paper describes pilot-scale tests performed by IVL and the implications for an actual treatment plant that has to treat up to several thousand litres of wastewater per second. In addition, the advantages, disadvantages and costs of the method are discussed. This includes, for example, the clogging of carbon filters and the associated hydraulic capacity limits of the activated carbon.
药物残留会自然地通过人体进入污水，在很多情况下，常规污水处理方法几乎无法去除这些药物残留。然而，它们在环境中积累后，会对水生生物产生重大影响。本研究表明，许多在废水中发现的药物残留可以通过活性炭在一个具有更高资源利用率和安全性的经济型系统中去除，该系统比其他碳系统更具竞争力。尽管这些化合物在水中的溶解度相对较高，且化学结构也不同，但实验表明，它们可以得到显著分离。这意味着活性炭床可能是臭氧处理的一种替代方法。用于测试的出水来自斯德哥尔摩最大的污水处理厂，经过 20 个月的测试，该出水通过了多个装有活性炭的不同过滤器，水中 90-98%的药物残留被去除。本文描述了由 IVL 进行的中试规模测试，以及对需要处理每秒数千升废水的实际处理厂的影响。此外，还讨论了该方法的优缺点和成本，包括活性炭过滤器的堵塞和相关的活性炭水力容量限制。
