Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH am Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie Göttingen, Germany.
MR Forschung in der Neurologie und Psychiatrie, Abteilung Kognitive Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Germany.
Front Neuroanat. 2014 May 19;8:35. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00035. eCollection 2014.
In 1860 and 1862, the German physiologist Wagner published two studies, in which he compared the cortical surfaces of brain specimens. This provided the first account of a rare anatomical variation - bridges across the central sulci in both hemispheres connecting the forward and backward facing central convolutions in one of the brains. The serendipitous rediscovery of the preserved historic brain specimen in the collections at Göttingen University, being mistaken as the brain of the mathematician C.F. Gauss, allowed us to further investigate the morphology of the bridges Wagner had described with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). On the historic lithograph, current photographs and MRI surface reconstructions of the brain, a connection across the central sulcus can only be seen in the left hemisphere. In the right hemisphere, contrary to the description of Wagner, a connecting structure is only present across the post-central sulcus. MRI reveals that the left-hemispheric bridge extends into the depth of the sulcus, forming a transverse connection between the two opposing gyri. This rare anatomical variation, generally not associated with neurological symptoms, would nowadays be categorized as a divided central sulcus. The left-hemispheric connection seen across the post-central sulcus, represents the very common case of a segmented post-central sulcus. MRI further disclosed a connection across the right-hemispheric central sulcus, which terminates just below the surface of the brain and is therefore not depicted on the historical lithography. This explains the apparent inconsistency between the bilateral description of bridges across the central sulci and the unilateral appearance on the brain surface. The results are discussed based on the detailed knowledge of anatomists of the late 19th century, who already recognized the divided central sulcus as an extreme variation of a deep convolution within the central sulcus.
1860 年和 1862 年，德国生理学家瓦格纳发表了两项研究，在这两项研究中，他比较了大脑标本的皮质表面。这是首次描述一种罕见的解剖变异——在两个大脑半球的中央沟之间有桥连接，将向前和向后的中央脑回连接起来。在哥廷根大学收藏中意外重新发现的保存完好的历史大脑标本，被误认为是数学家 C.F.高斯的大脑，使我们能够进一步用磁共振成像（MRI）研究瓦格纳描述的桥的形态。在历史上的石版画、当前的照片和大脑的 MRI 表面重建中，只能在左半球看到穿过中央沟的连接。在右半球，与瓦格纳的描述相反，只有穿过后中央沟的连接结构。MRI 显示，左半球的桥延伸到沟的深处，在两个对侧脑回之间形成一个横向连接。这种罕见的解剖变异，通常与神经症状无关，现在会被归类为中央沟分裂。穿过后中央沟的左半球连接，代表非常常见的分段后中央沟。MRI 进一步显示右半球中央沟的连接，该连接终止于大脑表面下方，因此不在历史石版画中描绘。这解释了在中央沟之间的桥的双侧描述与大脑表面的单侧外观之间的明显不一致。基于 19 世纪晚期解剖学家的详细知识，对结果进行了讨论，他们已经认识到中央沟的分裂是中央沟内深部脑回的极端变异。
