Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland.
Lubuski College of Public Health, Zielona Gora, Poland.
Arch Med Sci. 2014 May 12;10(2):361-5. doi: 10.5114/aoms.2013.35001. Epub 2013 May 28.
The objective was to assess the quality of pregnant women's diet in Poland concerning macro-elements and to analyze reasons for low or high quality diets.
Five hundred and twelve pregnant women in their 20(th) to 30(th) week of pregnancy took part in the research conducted by means of a 7-day observation of diet. Consumed products were analyzed by means of DIETETYK software developed by the Polish National Food and Nutrition Institute. Obtained macro values were averaged. The results were compared with the recommendations from the World Health Organization, European Union and Polish National Food and Nutrition Institute and analyzed statistically (χ(2) test).
The pregnant women consumed an average of 1898 ±380 kcal daily. Average value of macro components supplied with the diet did not deviate from EU and NFNI nutrition recommendations: protein - 72.1 g/person daily, fats overall - 72.8 g, polyunsaturated fatty acids - 10.93 g, cholesterol - 283 mg, carbohydrates - 257 g. The study proved a significant relation between a higher quality diet of pregnant women and tertiary or secondary education (p = 0.05) as well as urban residence (p = 0.01).
Pregnant women's diet in Poland is not significantly different from diet quality of pregnant women from other countries. A lower quality diet was observed among women who smoked during pregnancy and lived in rural areas.
本研究旨在评估波兰孕妇的饮食质量，分析饮食质量低或高的原因。
512 名妊娠 20-30 周的孕妇参与了本研究，通过 7 天的饮食观察进行了研究。使用由波兰国家食品与营养研究所开发的 DIETETYK 软件分析所摄入的产品。对获得的宏量值进行平均。将结果与世界卫生组织、欧盟和波兰国家食品与营养研究所的建议进行比较，并进行统计分析（χ²检验）。
孕妇平均每天摄入 1898±380 卡路里。饮食中提供的宏量成分的平均值与欧盟和 NFNI 的营养建议没有偏差：蛋白质-72.1 克/人/天，总脂肪-72.8 克，多不饱和脂肪酸-10.93 克，胆固醇-283 毫克，碳水化合物-257 克。研究证明，孕妇的饮食质量与高等或中等教育（p=0.05）以及城市居住（p=0.01）之间存在显著关系。
波兰孕妇的饮食与其他国家孕妇的饮食质量没有显著差异。在怀孕期间吸烟和居住在农村地区的女性中，饮食质量较低。
