通过姐妹染色单体黏连连接染色体复制与分离。
Linking chromosome duplication and segregation via sister chromatid cohesion.
作者信息
Leman Adam R, Noguchi Eishi
机构信息
Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
出版信息
Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1170:75-98. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0888-2_5.
DNA replication during S phase generates two identical copies of each chromosome. Each chromosome is destined for a daughter cell, but each daughter must receive one and only one copy of each chromosome. To ensure accurate chromosome segregation, eukaryotic cells are equipped with a mechanism to pair the chromosomes during chromosome duplication and hold the pairs until a bi-oriented mitotic spindle is formed and the pairs are pulled apart. This mechanism is known as sister chromatid cohesion, and its actions span the entire cell cycle. During G1, before DNA is copied during S phase, proteins termed cohesins are loaded onto DNA. Paired chromosomes are held together through G2 phase, and finally the cohesins are dismantled during mitosis. The processes governing sister chromatid cohesion ensure that newly replicated sisters are held together from the moment they are generated to the metaphase-anaphase transition, when sisters separate.
S期的DNA复制会生成每条染色体的两个相同拷贝。每条染色体都会分配给一个子细胞，但每个子细胞必须接收每条染色体的一个且仅一个拷贝。为确保染色体准确分离，真核细胞具备一种机制，即在染色体复制过程中使染色体配对，并保持配对状态，直到形成双定向有丝分裂纺锤体且配对染色体被拉开。这种机制称为姐妹染色单体黏连，其作用贯穿整个细胞周期。在G1期，即在S期DNA复制之前，名为黏连蛋白复合体的蛋白质会加载到DNA上。配对的染色体在G2期一直保持在一起，最终黏连蛋白复合体在有丝分裂期间被分解。控制姐妹染色单体黏连的过程确保新复制的姐妹染色单体从产生之时起就保持在一起，直到中期 - 后期转换时姐妹染色单体分离。
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