Pitt Victoria, Powis David, Levett-Jones Tracy, Hunter Sharyn
School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Australia.
School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Australia.
Nurse Educ Today. 2014 Sep;34(9):1196-200. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2014.05.004. Epub 2014 May 24.
Reports of a lack of compassionate care from nurses have resulted in calls to integrate the assessment of personal qualities into nursing student selection, with the intent to recruit individuals whose attributes reflect those desired in the practising nurse. Whilst nursing programmes are able to determine students' academic abilities on enrolment limited attention has been given to other qualities. Although there is an understanding of the qualities desired in the practising nurse, to date there has been limited exploration of nursing students' personal qualities as they enter nursing programmes and whether these change over time.
To describe the personal qualities of newly enrolled Bachelor of Nursing students, and to determine if these qualities are age and gender specific and whether they change over time.
The Personal Qualities Assessment (PQA; www.pqa.net.au) was completed by 138 nursing students on enrolment and repeated after three years.
Twenty four percent of students had PQA scores at the extreme ends (±2 SD) of the continuum of one or more sub-scale distributions. Significant positive correlations were found between age and the PQA measured traits: self-control, resilience, narcissism, empathy and moral orientation. Females were significantly more conscientious, community orientated and involved; males had significantly higher narcissism and aloofness scores and lower empathy. For those students (n=28) who completed the follow-up PQA, their personal qualities scores did not change.
Most of the study sample possessed mid-range personal quality trait scores, but approximately a quarter of the nursing students recorded extreme scores. Older students were found to have a higher measure of self-control, resilience, empathy and narcissism and more communitarian in attitude. Significant differences were found between males' and females' scores. That personal qualities were unchanged after three years suggests the importance of incorporating the assessment of these qualities into selection and recruitment of nursing students.
有报道称护士缺乏人文关怀，这导致人们呼吁将个人素质评估纳入护生选拔过程，目的是招募那些具备执业护士所需特质的人。虽然护理专业课程能够在招生时确定学生的学术能力，但对其他素质的关注却很有限。尽管人们了解执业护士应具备的素质，但迄今为止，对于刚进入护理专业课程的护生个人素质以及这些素质是否会随时间变化的探索还很有限。
描述新入学的护理学学士学生的个人素质，并确定这些素质是否存在年龄和性别差异，以及它们是否会随时间变化。
138名护理专业学生在入学时完成了个人素质评估（PQA；www.pqa.net.au），并在三年后再次进行评估。
24%的学生在一个或多个子量表分布的连续体极端两端（±2标准差）获得了PQA分数。年龄与PQA所测量的特质之间存在显著正相关：自我控制、适应力、自恋、同理心和道德取向。女性在尽责性、社区导向性和参与度方面显著更高；男性的自恋和冷漠得分显著更高，同理心得分更低。对于完成后续PQA的学生（n = 28），他们的个人素质得分没有变化。
大多数研究样本的个人素质特质得分处于中等范围，但约四分之一的护理专业学生得分处于极端水平。年龄较大的学生自我控制、适应力、同理心和自恋程度更高，态度更具社群主义。男性和女性的得分存在显著差异。三年后个人素质没有变化，这表明将这些素质的评估纳入护生选拔和招生过程非常重要。
