Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3501 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,
Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2014 Jul;16(7):301. doi: 10.1007/s11940-014-0301-x.
Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency consisting of persistent or recurring seizures without a return to baseline mental status. SE can be divided into subtypes based on seizure types and underlying etiologies. Management should be implemented rapidly and based on pre-determined care pathways. The aim is to terminate seizures while simultaneously identifying and managing precipitant conditions. Seizure management involves "emergent" treatment with benzodiazepines (lorazepam intravenously, midazolam intramuscularly, or diazepam rectally) followed by "urgent" therapy (phenytoin/fosphenytoin, phenobarbital, levetiracetam or valproate sodium). If seizures persist, "refractory" treatments include infusions of midazolam or pentobarbital. Prognosis is dependent on the underlying etiology and seizure persistence. This article reviews the current management strategies for pediatric convulsive SE.
癫痫持续状态（SE）是一种医学急症，表现为持续或反复的癫痫发作，且无法恢复到基线精神状态。SE 可根据发作类型和潜在病因分为亚型。管理应迅速进行，并基于预先确定的护理路径。其目的是终止癫痫发作，同时识别和处理诱发因素。癫痫发作的管理包括使用苯二氮䓬类药物（静脉注射劳拉西泮、肌肉注射咪达唑仑或直肠内给予地西泮）进行“紧急”治疗，然后进行“紧急”治疗（苯妥英/磷苯妥英、苯巴比妥、左乙拉西坦或丙戊酸钠）。如果癫痫发作持续存在，则使用“难治性”治疗，包括咪达唑仑或戊巴比妥输注。预后取决于潜在病因和癫痫持续时间。本文综述了目前治疗儿童惊厥性 SE 的管理策略。
