Bognar Greg
Bioethics. 2015 May;29(4):251-61. doi: 10.1111/bioe.12101. Epub 2014 Jun 9.
In many societies, the aging of the population is becoming a major problem. This raises difficult issues for ethics and public policy. On what is known as the fair innings view, it is not impermissible to give lower priority to policies that primarily benefit the elderly. Philosophers have tried to justify this view on various grounds. In this article, I look at a consequentialist, a fairness-based, and a contractarian justification. I argue that all of them have implausible implications and fail to correspond to our moral intuitions. I end by outlining a different kind of consequentialist justification that avoids those implications and corresponds better to our considered moral judgments.
在许多社会中,人口老龄化正成为一个主要问题。这给伦理和公共政策带来了棘手的问题。在所谓的“公平寿限观”看来,给予主要惠及老年人的政策较低优先级并非不可接受。哲学家们试图基于各种理由为这一观点辩护。在本文中,我审视了一种基于后果主义、一种基于公平以及一种基于契约主义的辩护。我认为所有这些辩护都有令人难以信服的含义,且与我们的道德直觉不符。最后,我概述了一种不同类型的后果主义辩护,它避免了那些含义,并且更符合我们经过深思熟虑的道德判断。