Holt-Lunstad Julianne, Clark Benjamin D
Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, 1024 Spencer W. Kimball Tower, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, 1024 Spencer W. Kimball Tower, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2014 Sep;93(3):381-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.05.014. Epub 2014 Jun 5.
The protective influence of social relationships on health is well documented; however, not all relationships are positive and negative aspects of relationships may be detrimental. Relatively less is known about the relationships characterized by both positivity and negativity (i.e., ambivalence). The goal of this study was to examine the relative influence of ambivalence in relationship quality and social behavior on cardiovascular response.
104 healthy young adults were randomly assigned to bring in either a supportive or ambivalent same-sex friend to the experiment. Participants were also randomly assigned to receive positive, negative, ambivalent or ambiguous feedback from their friend after giving a series of speeches. Cardiovascular response was obtained before, during, and after the social stressor (speech task).
Results indicate a significant effect of relationship type before, during, and after the stressor task. Adjusting for baseline, heart rate reactivity and anxiety was significantly higher among those assigned to ambivalent friends relative to those assigned to supportive friends during the stressor task (ps<.05). There was also a significant effect of behavioral feedback during the speech task, such that those receiving ambivalent messages had the greatest systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reactivity (p<.05); however, there was no interaction between relationship and feedback conditions. Those in the ambivalent friend condition also exhibited significantly higher SBP, DBP, and anxiety during the baseline and recovery periods (ps<.05).
These findings suggest that both relationship quality and the actions of relationships may have a significant influence on health-relevant physiology.
社会关系对健康的保护作用已有充分记载；然而，并非所有关系都是积极的，关系的消极方面可能有害。对于兼具积极和消极特征（即矛盾性）的关系，人们了解相对较少。本研究的目的是检验关系质量和社会行为中的矛盾性对心血管反应的相对影响。
104名健康的年轻成年人被随机分配，让他们带一位支持性或矛盾性的同性朋友参与实验。在进行一系列演讲后，参与者还被随机分配接受来自其朋友的积极、消极、矛盾或模糊的反馈。在社会应激源（演讲任务）之前、期间和之后获取心血管反应。
结果表明，在应激源任务之前、期间和之后，关系类型有显著影响。在调整基线后，相对于被分配到支持性朋友组的人，被分配到矛盾性朋友组的人在应激源任务期间的心率反应性和焦虑显著更高（p<0.05）。在演讲任务期间，行为反馈也有显著影响，即收到矛盾信息的人收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）反应性最大（p<0.05）；然而，关系和反馈条件之间没有交互作用。处于矛盾性朋友条件下的人在基线期和恢复期的SBP、DBP和焦虑也显著更高（p<0.05）。
这些发现表明，关系质量和关系行为可能对与健康相关的生理机能有显著影响。
