Mukherjee Biswajit, Satapathy Bhabani S, Mondal Laboni, Dey Niladri S, Maji Ruma
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2013;14(15):1250-63. doi: 10.2174/1389201015666140608143235.
Tumor targeted therapy has brought a new hope to the cancer patients. With the recent advances in nanotechnology and growing knowledge on unique cancer biomarkers, it is now possible to manipulate the surface architecture of polymeric nanoscale delivery systems with targeting moieties, such as antibodies, antibody fragments, specific molecules, small peptides, RNA aptamers etc. to target specific receptors and antigens present exclusively or overexpressed on the tumor cell surface or on the tumor endothelial cell surface. These modified polymeric nanoparticles deliver the loaded chemotherapeutics preferentially to the tumor tissue and not to the healthy tissue. This ensures highly targeted treatment without severe side effects which are normally experienced by the cancer patients in case of conventional chemotherapy. Such specifically constructed polymeric nanocarriers with improved tumor targeting profile are now regarded as engineered polymeric nanoparticles, which have become one of the prime areas of drug delivery research in recent times. This review describes specific approaches used in recent years to construct engineered polymeric nanoparticles, their emerging potential for cancer therapy and recent advances in tumor targeting. An equal attention has been devoted to the fundamental problems encountered in practical fields which limit their clinical use and industrial production.
肿瘤靶向治疗为癌症患者带来了新的希望。随着纳米技术的最新进展以及对独特癌症生物标志物的认识不断增加，现在可以用靶向部分（如抗体、抗体片段、特定分子、小肽、RNA适配体等）来操控聚合物纳米级递送系统的表面结构，以靶向肿瘤细胞表面或肿瘤内皮细胞表面特有的或过表达的特定受体和抗原。这些经过修饰的聚合物纳米颗粒将负载的化疗药物优先递送至肿瘤组织而非健康组织。这确保了高度靶向治疗，而不会出现癌症患者在传统化疗时通常会经历的严重副作用。这种具有改善的肿瘤靶向特性的特殊构建的聚合物纳米载体现在被视为工程化聚合物纳米颗粒，近年来已成为药物递送研究的主要领域之一。本综述描述了近年来用于构建工程化聚合物纳米颗粒的具体方法、它们在癌症治疗中的新兴潜力以及肿瘤靶向方面的最新进展。同时也对实际应用中限制其临床使用和工业生产的基本问题给予了同等关注。
