Bhateria Manisha, Rachumallu Ramakrishna, Singh Rajbir, Bhatta Rabi Sankar
CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division , B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow - 226031 , India +91 522 2771940 Ext-4853 ; +91 522 2771941 ;
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2014 Aug;11(8):1219-36. doi: 10.1517/17425247.2014.927436. Epub 2014 Jun 9.
Erythrocytes (red blood cells [RBCs]) and artificial or synthetic delivery systems such as liposomes, nanoparticles (NPs) are the most investigated carrier systems. Herein, progress made from conventional approach of using RBC as delivery systems to novel approach of using synthetic delivery systems based on RBC properties will be reviewed.
We aim to highlight both conventional and novel approaches of using RBCs as potential carrier system. Conventional approaches which include two main strategies are: i) directly loading therapeutic moieties in RBCs; and ii) coupling them with RBCs whereas novel approaches exploit structural, mechanical and biological properties of RBCs to design synthetic delivery systems through various engineering strategies. Initial attempts included coupling of antibodies to liposomes to specifically target RBCs. Knowledge obtained from several studies led to the development of RBC membrane derived liposomes (nanoerythrosomes), inspiring future application of RBC or its structural features in other attractive delivery systems (hydrogels, filomicelles, microcapsules, micro- and NPs) for even greater potential.
In conclusion, this review dwells upon comparative analysis of various conventional and novel engineering strategies in developing RBC based drug delivery systems, diversifying their applications in arena of drug delivery. Regardless of the challenges in front of us, RBC based delivery systems offer an exciting approach of exploiting biological entities in a multitude of medical applications.
红细胞（红血球[RBCs]）以及人工或合成递送系统，如脂质体、纳米颗粒（NPs），是研究最多的载体系统。本文将综述从使用红细胞作为递送系统的传统方法到基于红细胞特性使用合成递送系统的新方法所取得的进展。
我们旨在突出使用红细胞作为潜在载体系统的传统方法和新方法。传统方法包括两种主要策略：i）直接将治疗部分加载到红细胞中；ii）将它们与红细胞偶联，而新方法则利用红细胞的结构、机械和生物学特性，通过各种工程策略设计合成递送系统。最初的尝试包括将抗体偶联到脂质体上以特异性靶向红细胞。从多项研究中获得的知识导致了红细胞膜衍生脂质体（纳米红细胞）的开发，激发了红细胞或其结构特征在其他有吸引力的递送系统（水凝胶、丝状胶束、微胶囊、微米和纳米颗粒）中的未来应用，以实现更大的潜力。
总之，本综述详细阐述了在开发基于红细胞的药物递送系统中各种传统和新工程策略的比较分析，使其在药物递送领域的应用更加多样化。尽管我们面临挑战，但基于红细胞的递送系统为在众多医学应用中利用生物实体提供了一种令人兴奋的方法。
