Nguyen Phuong Hoang Diem, Jayasinghe Migara Kavishka, Le Anh Hong, Peng Boya, Le Minh T N
Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
Department of Surgery, Immunology Programme, Cancer Programme and Nanomedicine Translational Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
ACS Nano. 2023 Mar 28;17(6):5187-5210. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11965. Epub 2023 Mar 10.
Red blood cells (RBCs) and RBC membrane-derived nanoparticles have been historically developed as bioinspired drug delivery systems to combat the issues of premature clearance, toxicity, and immunogenicity of synthetic nanocarriers. RBC-based delivery systems possess characteristics including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and long circulation time, which make them suited for systemic administration. Therefore, they have been employed in designing optimal drug formulations in various preclinical models and clinical trials to treat a wide range of diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the biology, synthesis, and characterization of drug delivery systems based on RBCs and their membrane including whole RBCs, RBC membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles, RBC-derived extracellular vesicles, and RBC hitchhiking. We also highlight conventional and latest engineering strategies, along with various therapeutic modalities, for enhanced precision and effectiveness of drug delivery. Additionally, we focus on the current state of RBC-based therapeutic applications and their clinical translation as drug carriers, as well as discussing opportunities and challenges associated with these systems.
红细胞（RBCs）和源自红细胞膜的纳米颗粒一直以来都被开发为受生物启发的药物递送系统，以解决合成纳米载体过早清除、毒性和免疫原性等问题。基于红细胞的递送系统具有生物相容性、生物可降解性和长循环时间等特性，这使其适合全身给药。因此，它们已被用于在各种临床前模型和临床试验中设计优化的药物制剂，以治疗多种疾病。在本综述中，我们概述了基于红细胞及其膜的药物递送系统的生物学、合成和表征，包括完整红细胞、红细胞膜伪装的纳米颗粒、红细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡和红细胞搭便车。我们还强调了传统和最新的工程策略，以及各种治疗方式，以提高药物递送的精度和有效性。此外，我们关注基于红细胞的治疗应用及其作为药物载体的临床转化的现状，并讨论与这些系统相关的机遇和挑战。
