Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University, PO Box 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland ; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Kellokoski Hospital, 04500 Kellokoski, Finland.
Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2014 May 23;8:16. doi: 10.1186/1753-2000-8-16. eCollection 2014.
Catatonia has been associated with both schizophrenia and pervasive developmental disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate catatonic features among adolescents suffering from schizophrenia. Further, we compared these features between adolescents with a comorbid pervasive developmental disorder and those without one. Finally, we wanted to compare the profile of catatonia-like features of our schizophrenia patients to that described earlier among persons with autism spectrum disorders.
The study comprised a consecutive sample of 18 adolescents with schizophrenia (mean age 15.6 years, SD 1.4) and their families. Diagnosis of schizophrenia was assessed with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children - Present and Life-Time (K-SADS-PL) for the DSM-IV. The Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders version 11 was used to assess catatonic features.
All adolescents with schizophrenia had showed some lifetime catatonic features. Approximately 78% of them had already expressed these features before the age of 10. The number of catatonic features before the age of 10 was significantly higher among the adolescents with a comorbid pervasive developmental disorder compared to those without one. The numbers of catatonic features after the age of 10 did not significantly differ between the two groups. Over three-quarters of schizophrenia patients shared four lifetime catatonic features: "lacks facial expression", "odd intonation", "poor eye contact" and "lack of cooperation".
Adolescent schizophrenia patients with a comorbid pervasive developmental disorder show many catatonic features in childhood whereas those without one seem to develop these features first in adolescence. Catatonic features exhibited by adolescents with schizophrenia resemble those described among persons with pervasive developmental disorders without schizophrenia.
紧张症与精神分裂症和广泛性发育障碍均有关联。本研究旨在评估患有精神分裂症的青少年的紧张症特征。此外，我们比较了伴发广泛发育障碍和不伴发广泛发育障碍的青少年的这些特征。最后，我们希望将我们的精神分裂症患者的紧张症样特征与先前描述的自闭症谱系障碍患者的特征进行比较。
该研究纳入了 18 名连续的青少年精神分裂症患者（平均年龄 15.6 岁，SD=1.4）及其家庭。采用儿童期和青少年期精神障碍定式临床诊断访谈表（Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version，K-SADS-PL）评估精神分裂症的诊断，采用儿童期孤独症评定量表（Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised，ADI-R）第 11 版评估紧张症特征。
所有青少年精神分裂症患者均表现出一些终生紧张症特征。大约 78%的患者在 10 岁之前就已出现这些特征。伴发广泛发育障碍的青少年在 10 岁之前出现的紧张症特征数量明显高于不伴发广泛发育障碍的患者。在 10 岁以后，两组之间的紧张症特征数量无显著差异。超过四分之三的精神分裂症患者共享四项终生紧张症特征：“缺乏面部表情”“怪异语调”“目光接触不良”和“缺乏配合”。
伴发广泛发育障碍的青少年精神分裂症患者在儿童期表现出许多紧张症特征，而不伴发广泛发育障碍的患者似乎首先在青春期出现这些特征。青少年精神分裂症患者表现出的紧张症特征与不伴发精神分裂症的广泛性发育障碍患者的特征相似。
