Hadland Scott E, Harris Sion K
aDivision of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital bDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2014 Aug;26(4):420-7. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000114.
Despite widespread marijuana use among adolescents, accurate information on known health effects is poorly disseminated to clinicians and their patients. Amidst rapidly evolving drug policy in the United States and elsewhere, it is imperative that providers understand the short-term and long-term consequences of marijuana use.
Research on regular marijuana use highlights a unique susceptibility of the developing adolescent brain to adverse neurocognitive and psychiatric outcomes. Although studies have not firmly established causality, onset of regular marijuana use in adolescence is associated with later decline in cognitive function, as well as with adult onset of psychosis and anxiety. Educational and employment outcomes may be poorer among regular marijuana-using adolescents. A number of other adverse respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine and gastrointestinal associations with regular marijuana use have also been established. Good screening tools and promising brief intervention and behavioral treatment programs are available to clinicians, who are in a position to identify problematic marijuana use among adolescents.
A common misperception among youth is that marijuana use is without harm. However, adolescent marijuana use may have measurable, durable, and potentially irreversible effects on later cognitive function and mental health.
尽管青少年中普遍存在大麻使用现象，但关于已知健康影响的准确信息却很少传达给临床医生及其患者。在美国和其他地方，药物政策迅速演变，提供者必须了解大麻使用的短期和长期后果。
对经常使用大麻的研究突出了发育中的青少年大脑对不良神经认知和精神结果的独特易感性。尽管研究尚未确定因果关系，但青少年开始经常使用大麻与后期认知功能下降以及成年后患精神病和焦虑症有关。经常使用大麻的青少年在教育和就业方面的结果可能更差。还确定了经常使用大麻与其他一些不良呼吸、心血管、内分泌和胃肠道问题之间的关联。临床医生可以使用一些良好的筛查工具以及有前景的简短干预和行为治疗方案，他们有能力识别青少年中存在问题的大麻使用情况。
年轻人中一个常见的误解是使用大麻无害。然而，青少年使用大麻可能会对后期认知功能和心理健康产生可测量、持久且可能不可逆转的影响。
