Davey M R, Rech E L, Mulligan B J
Department of Botany, University of Nottingham, UK.
Plant Mol Biol. 1989 Sep;13(3):273-85. doi: 10.1007/BF00025315.
A range of somatic cell and molecular techniques are now available to supplement conventional plant breeding. The introduction and expression of foreign DNA has been used to modify basic aspects of physiology and development, to introduce commercially important characteristics such as herbicide and insect resistance into plants and to insert genes suitable as dominant selectable markers for somatic hybridisation. Several techniques for direct DNA delivery are available, ranging from uptake of DNA into isolated protoplasts mediated by chemical procedures or electroporation, to injection and the use of high-velocity particles to introduce DNA into intact tissues. Direct DNA uptake is applicable to both stable and transient gene expression studies and utilises a range of vectors, including those employed for gene cloning. Although the frequency of stable transformation is low, direct DNA uptake is applicable to those plants not amenable to Agrobacterium transformation, particularly monocotyledons.
现在有一系列体细胞和分子技术可用于补充传统的植物育种。导入和表达外源DNA已被用于改变生理和发育的基本方面，将除草剂和抗虫性等具有商业重要性的特性引入植物，并插入适合作为体细胞杂交显性选择标记的基因。有几种直接导入DNA的技术，从通过化学方法或电穿孔介导将DNA导入分离的原生质体，到注射以及使用高速粒子将DNA导入完整组织。直接摄取DNA适用于稳定和瞬时基因表达研究，并使用一系列载体，包括用于基因克隆的载体。尽管稳定转化的频率较低，但直接摄取DNA适用于那些不适用于农杆菌转化的植物，尤其是单子叶植物。
