Madden Dennis, Thom Stephen R, Yang Ming, Bhopale Veena M, Ljubkovic Marko, Dujic Zeljko
Department of Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Soltanska 2, 21000, Split, Croatia.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2014 Sep;114(9):1955-61. doi: 10.1007/s00421-014-2925-7. Epub 2014 Jun 11.
Venous gas emboli (VGE) have traditionally served as a marker for decompression stress after SCUBA diving and a reduction in bubble loads is a target for precondition procedures. However, VGE can be observed in large quantities with no negative clinical consequences. The effect of exercise before diving on VGE has been evaluated with mixed results. Microparticle (MP) counts and sub-type expression serve as indicators of vascular inflammation and DCS in mice. The goal of the present study is to evaluate the effect of anaerobic cycling (AC) on VGE and MP following SCUBA diving.
Ten male divers performed two dives to 18 m for 41 min, one dive (AC) was preceded by a repeated-Wingate cycling protocol; a control dive (CON) was completed without exercise. VGE were analyzed at 15, 40, 80, and 120 min post-diving. Blood for MP analysis was collected before exercise (AC only), before diving, 15 and 120 min after surfacing.
VGE were significantly lower 15 min post-diving in the AC group, with no difference in the remaining measurements. MPs were elevated by exercise and diving, however, post-diving elevations were attenuated in the AC dive. Some markers of neutrophil elevation (CD18, CD41) were increased in the CON compared to the AC dive.
The repeated-Wingate protocol resulted in an attenuation of MP counts and sub-types that have been related to vascular injury and DCS-like symptoms in mice. Further studies are needed to determine if MPs represent a risk factor or marker for DCS in humans.
静脉气体栓塞（VGE）传统上一直被用作水肺潜水后减压应激的标志物，减少气泡负荷是预处理程序的目标。然而，大量的VGE可被观察到，且无负面临床后果。潜水前运动对VGE的影响已得到评估，但结果不一。微粒（MP）计数和亚型表达可作为小鼠血管炎症和减压病（DCS）的指标。本研究的目的是评估无氧骑行（AC）对水肺潜水后VGE和MP的影响。
10名男性潜水员进行两次下潜至18米，每次41分钟，其中一次潜水（AC）前进行重复的温盖特骑行方案；对照潜水（CON）在无运动的情况下完成。在潜水后15、40、80和120分钟分析VGE。在运动前（仅AC组）、潜水前、出水后15和120分钟采集用于MP分析的血液。
AC组潜水后15分钟时VGE显著降低，其余测量结果无差异。运动和潜水会使MP升高，然而，AC潜水中潜水后的升高幅度减弱。与AC潜水相比，CON组中性粒细胞升高的一些标志物（CD18、CD41）增加。
重复的温盖特方案导致与小鼠血管损伤和类DCS症状相关的MP计数和亚型减少。需要进一步研究以确定MP是否代表人类DCS的危险因素或标志物。
