Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island , 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2014 Jul 15;48(14):7789-97. doi: 10.1021/es501074r. Epub 2014 Jun 25.
Polyethylene passive samplers (PEs) were used to measure concentrations of gaseous and dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air and water throughout the lower Great Lakes during summer and fall of 2011. Atmospheric Σ15PAH concentrations ranged from 2.1 ng/m3 in Cape Vincent (NY) to 76.4 ng/m3 in downtown Cleveland (OH). Aqueous Σ18PAH concentrations ranged from 2.4 ng/L at an offshore Lake Erie site to 30.4 ng/L in Sheffield Lake (OH). Gaseous PAH concentrations correlated strongly with population within 3-40 km of the sampling site depending on the compound considered, suggesting that urban centers are a primary source of gaseous PAHs (except retene) in the lower Great Lakes region. The significance of distant population (within 20 km) versus local population (within 3 km) increased with subcooled liquid vapor pressure. Most dissolved aqueous PAHs did not correlate significantly with population, nor were they consistently related to river discharge, wastewater effluents, or precipitation. Air-water exchange calculations implied that diffusive exchange was a source of phenanthrene to surface waters, while acenaphthylene volatilized out of the lakes. Comparison of air-water fluxes with temperature suggested that the significance of urban centers as sources of dissolved PAHs via diffusive exchange may decrease in warmer months.
2011 年夏秋季，聚烯烃被动采样器（PEs）被用于测量大湖区下游空气中和水中气态及溶解态多环芳烃（PAHs）的浓度。大气中∑15PAHs 浓度范围为 2.1ng/m3（纽约州卡普文森特）至 76.4ng/m3（俄亥俄州克利夫兰市区）。水相中∑18PAHs 浓度范围为 2.4ng/L（伊利湖远岸站位）至 30.4ng/L（俄亥俄州谢菲尔德湖）。考虑到不同化合物，气态 PAHs 浓度与采样点 3-40 公里范围内的人口密度呈强相关性，表明城市中心是大湖区下游地区气态 PAHs（除苊烯外）的主要来源。与当地人口（3 公里内）相比，远距离人口（20 公里内）的重要性随着亚临界液蒸气压的增加而增加。大多数溶解态水中 PAHs 与人口密度无显著相关性，也与河流流量、废水排放或降水无关。气-水交换计算表明，扩散交换是水中菲的来源，而苊烯则从湖中挥发。空气-水通量与温度的比较表明，在温暖的月份，城市中心作为通过扩散交换溶解态 PAHs 的来源的重要性可能会降低。
