Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island , 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, United States.
Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change , 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario M9P 3V6 Canada.
Environ Sci Technol. 2016 Nov 1;50(21):11575-11583. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03657. Epub 2016 Oct 18.
Polycyclic musks (PCMs) are synthetic fragrance compounds used in personal care products and household cleaners. Previous studies have indicated that PCMs are introduced to aquatic environments via wastewater and river discharge. Polyethylene passive samplers (PEs) were deployed in air and water during winter 2011 and summer 2012 to investigate the role of population centers as sources of these contaminants to the Great Lakes and determine whether the lakes were acting as sources of PCMs via volatilization. Average gaseous ΣPCM ranged from below detection limits (<DL) to 3.2 ng/m on the western shoreline of Lake Erie in Toledo. Average dissolved ΣPCM ranged from <DL to 2.6 ng/L on the southern shore of Lake Ontario near the mouth of the Oswego River. Significant correlations were observed between population density and ΣPCM in both air and water, with strongest correlations within a 25 and 40 km radius, respectively. At sites where HHCB was detected it was generally volatilizing, while the direction of AHTN air-water exchange was variable. Volatilization fluxes of HHCB ranged from 11 ± 6 to 341 ± 127 ng/m/day, while air-water exchange fluxes of AHTN ranged from -3 ± 2 to 28 ± 10 ng/m/day. Extrapolation of average air-water exchange flux values over the surface area of the lakes' coastal boundary zone suggested volatilization may be responsible for the loss of 64-213 kg/year of dissolved ΣPCM from the lakes.
多环麝香（PCM）是一种用于个人护理产品和家用清洁剂的合成香料化合物。先前的研究表明，PCM 是通过废水和河流排放进入水生环境的。2011 年冬季和 2012 年夏季，在空气和水中部署了聚乙烯被动采样器（PE），以研究人口中心作为这些污染物进入大湖的来源的作用，并确定湖泊是否通过挥发作用成为 PCM 的来源。在托莱多的伊利湖西岸，气态ΣPCM 的平均浓度范围为检测限以下（<DL）至 3.2ng/m。在安大略湖南部靠近奥西戈河口的地方，溶解态ΣPCM 的平均浓度范围为<DL 至 2.6ng/L。在空气和水中，人口密度与ΣPCM 之间存在显著相关性，在 25 和 40 公里半径内相关性最强。在检测到 HHCB 的地点，它通常是挥发的，而 AHTN 的空气-水交换方向是可变的。HHCB 的挥发通量范围为 11±6 至 341±127ng/m/天，而 AHTN 的空气-水交换通量范围为-3±2 至 28±10ng/m/天。将平均空气-水交换通量值外推到湖泊沿海边界区域的表面积上，表明挥发作用可能导致湖泊每年损失 64-213 千克溶解态ΣPCM。
