Cha Olivier
Bull Acad Natl Med. 2013 Feb;197(2):277-89; discussion 289-91.
The homeless population is difficult to define and its number difficult to evaluate. In France, it is estimated that almost 4 million people living in substandard accommodation, and 85,000 homeless people. Most homeless people rarely frequent public spaces. One-third have a job, one-quarter live with children, and one-third are between 18 and 29 years old. Shared characteristics include a collapse of social ties and a complete lack of stable accommodation. There are no illnesses specific to homeless people, but their epidemiology differs from the general population: the incidence rate of tuberculosis is 30 times higher, for example. Medical care often arrives far too late. As a result, functional deficits are common, often following serious accidents, and hospitalization is three times more frequent. A chronic disease is present in 45% of cases. Average life expectancy is only 47.6 years-between 30 and 35 years lower than for the general French population. Medical care can only be fully effective if these patients' social and housing issues are dealt with too.
无家可归者群体难以界定，其数量也难以评估。在法国，据估计有近400万人居住在不合标准的住所中，还有8.5万名无家可归者。大多数无家可归者很少出现在公共场所。三分之一的人有工作，四分之一的人与孩子一起生活，三分之一的人年龄在18至29岁之间。他们的共同特征包括社会关系破裂和完全缺乏稳定住所。无家可归者并没有特定的疾病，但他们的流行病学情况与普通人群不同：例如，结核病的发病率要高30倍。医疗救助往往来得太晚。因此，功能缺陷很常见，通常是在严重事故之后出现，住院频率要高三倍。45%的病例患有慢性病。平均预期寿命仅为47.6岁，比法国普通人群低30至35岁。只有在解决了这些患者的社会和住房问题之后，医疗救助才能完全有效。
