Tripkovic L, Muirhead N C, Hart K H, Frost G S, Lodge J K
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Department of Medicine, Imperial College, University of London, London, UK.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2015 Oct;28(5):476-85. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12251. Epub 2014 Jun 12.
Previous studies suggest that the beneficial health effects of a diet rich in whole grains could be a result of the individual fibres found in the grain. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of a diet high in either wheat fibre (as an example of an insoluble fibre) or inulin (a nondigestible carbohydrate) on markers of cardiovascular disease.
Ten male participants classified as at higher risk of cardiovascular disease [mean (SD) body mass index 30.2 (3) kg m(-2) , mean (SD) waist circumference 106.4 (7) cm, mean (SD) age 39.8 (9) years] were recruited to a randomised, controlled, cross-over study comparing the consumption of bespoke bread rolls containing either inulin, wheat germ or refined grain (control) (15 g day(-1) ) for 4 weeks with a 4-week washout period between each regime. At the end of each regime, participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), measures of pulse wave velocity (PWV), 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (AMBP), plasma lipid status and markers of glucose control.
There was no difference in measures of glucose control, lipid status, 24-h AMBP or PWV after the intervention periods and no changes compared to baseline. There was no significant difference between OGTT glucose and insulin time profiles; however, there was a significant difference in area under the curves between the wheat fibre and control interventions when comparing change from baseline (control +10.2%, inulin +4.3%, wheat fibre -2.5%; P = 0.03).
Only limited differences between the interventions were identified, perhaps as a consequence of the amount of fibre used and intervention length. The wheat germ intervention resulted in a significant reduction in glucose area under the curve, suggesting that this fibre may aid glucose control.
先前的研究表明，富含全谷物的饮食对健康有益，这可能是谷物中所含个别纤维的作用。本研究旨在调查高麦麸纤维（作为不溶性纤维的一个例子）或菊粉（一种不可消化的碳水化合物）饮食对心血管疾病标志物的影响。
招募了10名被归类为心血管疾病高危男性参与者[平均（标准差）体重指数30.2（3）kg/m²，平均（标准差）腰围106.4（7）cm，平均（标准差）年龄39.8（9）岁]，进行一项随机、对照、交叉研究，比较食用含有菊粉、小麦胚芽或精制谷物（对照）（15克/天）的定制面包卷4周，每种饮食方案之间有4周的洗脱期。在每个饮食方案结束时，参与者接受口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）、脉搏波速度（PWV）测量、24小时动态血压（AMBP）、血浆脂质状况和血糖控制标志物检测。
干预期后，血糖控制、脂质状况、24小时AMBP或PWV的测量结果与基线相比无差异，也没有变化。OGTT葡萄糖和胰岛素时间曲线无显著差异；然而，比较与基线的变化时，小麦纤维和对照干预之间的曲线下面积存在显著差异（对照+10.2%，菊粉+4.3%，小麦纤维-2.5%；P=0.03）。
干预之间仅发现有限差异，这可能是所用纤维量和干预时间的结果。小麦胚芽干预导致曲线下葡萄糖面积显著减少，表明这种纤维可能有助于血糖控制。
