Rosenwasser Shilo, Mausz Michaela A, Schatz Daniella, Sheyn Uri, Malitsky Sergey, Aharoni Asaph, Weinstock Eyal, Tzfadia Oren, Ben-Dor Shifra, Feldmesser Ester, Pohnert Georg, Vardi Assaf
Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry/Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany.
Plant Cell. 2014 Jun;26(6):2689-2707. doi: 10.1105/tpc.114.125641. Epub 2014 Jun 10.
Marine viruses are major ecological and evolutionary drivers of microbial food webs regulating the fate of carbon in the ocean. We combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to explore the cellular pathways mediating the interaction between the bloom-forming coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and its specific coccolithoviruses (E. huxleyi virus [EhV]). We show that EhV induces profound transcriptome remodeling targeted toward fatty acid synthesis to support viral assembly. A metabolic shift toward production of viral-derived sphingolipids was detected during infection and coincided with downregulation of host de novo sphingolipid genes and induction of the viral-encoded homologous pathway. The depletion of host-specific sterols during lytic infection and their detection in purified virions revealed their novel role in viral life cycle. We identify an essential function of the mevalonate-isoprenoid branch of sterol biosynthesis during infection and propose its downregulation as an antiviral mechanism. We demonstrate how viral replication depends on the hijacking of host lipid metabolism during the chemical "arms race" in the ocean.
海洋病毒是微生物食物网的主要生态和进化驱动力，调控着海洋中碳的命运。我们结合转录组学和代谢组学分析，以探索介导形成水华的颗石藻赫氏颗石藻及其特定的颗石藻病毒（赫氏颗石藻病毒[EhV]）之间相互作用的细胞途径。我们发现，EhV诱导了针对脂肪酸合成的深刻转录组重塑，以支持病毒组装。在感染期间检测到代谢向病毒衍生鞘脂的产生转变，这与宿主从头合成鞘脂基因的下调以及病毒编码的同源途径的诱导相吻合。在裂解感染期间宿主特异性固醇的消耗以及在纯化病毒粒子中对它们的检测揭示了它们在病毒生命周期中的新作用。我们确定了感染期间固醇生物合成的甲羟戊酸 - 类异戊二烯分支的重要功能，并提出其下调作为一种抗病毒机制。我们展示了在海洋中的化学“军备竞赛”期间病毒复制如何依赖于对宿主脂质代谢的劫持。
