Seing Ida, MacEachen Ellen, Ståhl Christian, Ekberg Kerstin
Department of Medical and Health Sciences, National Centre for Work and Rehabilitation, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden,
J Occup Rehabil. 2015 Mar;25(1):74-85. doi: 10.1007/s10926-014-9526-5.
Many Western welfare states have introduced early-return-to-work policies, in which getting sick-listed people back to work before they have fully recovered is presented as a rather unproblematic approach. This reflects a belief in the ability of employers and the labour market to solve sickness absence. Against this background, the aim of this study was to analyse return-to-work practice in local workplace contexts, in relation to Swedish early-return-to-work policy.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 matched pairs of workers and managers. The material, comprising a total of 36 interviews, was analysed using qualitative content analysis.
Three main themes were identified: (1) intensive workplaces and work conditions (2) employer support-a function of worker value and (3) work attachment and resistance to job transition. The results reflected the intensity of modern working life, which challenged return-to-work processes. Managers had different approaches to workers' return-to-work, depending on how they valued the worker. While managers used the discourse of 'new opportunities' and 'healthy change' to describe the transition process (e.g. relocation, unemployment and retirement), workers regularly experienced transitions as difficult and unjust.
In the context of early-return-to-work policy and the intensity of modern working life, a great deal of responsibility was placed on workers to be adaptable to workplace demands in order to be able to return and stay at work. Overall, this study illustrates an emerging social climate where sick-listed workers are positioned as active agents who must take responsibility for sick leave and return-to-work process.
许多西方福利国家都推行了提前重返工作岗位政策，该政策将让处于病假状态的人在尚未完全康复之前就重返工作岗位视为一种没有太大问题的做法。这反映出一种信念，即雇主和劳动力市场有能力解决病假缺勤问题。在此背景下，本研究的目的是分析与瑞典提前重返工作岗位政策相关的地方工作场所背景下的重返工作实践。
对18对配对的工人和管理人员进行了半结构化访谈。使用定性内容分析法对总共36次访谈的材料进行了分析。
确定了三个主要主题：（1）高强度的工作场所和工作条件；（2）雇主支持——工人价值的一种体现；（3）工作依恋和对工作转换的抵触。结果反映了现代工作生活的强度，这对重返工作岗位的过程构成了挑战。管理人员对工人重返工作岗位有不同的做法，这取决于他们对工人的重视程度。虽然管理人员用“新机会”和“健康变化”等话语来描述过渡过程（如调动、失业和退休），但工人们经常将这些过渡经历视为困难和不公平的。
在提前重返工作岗位政策和现代工作生活强度的背景下，工人肩负着很大的责任，即要适应工作场所的要求，以便能够重返并留在工作岗位上。总体而言，本研究说明了一种正在出现的社会氛围，即处于病假状态的工人被定位为必须对病假和重返工作岗位过程负责的积极行动者。
