Trucchi Emiliano, Gratton Paolo, Whittington Jason D, Cristofari Robin, Le Maho Yvon, Stenseth Nils Chr, Le Bohec Céline
Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome 00133, Italy.
Proc Biol Sci. 2014 Jul 22;281(1787). doi: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0528. Epub 2014 Jun 11.
How natural climate cycles, such as past glacial/interglacial patterns, have shaped species distributions at the high-latitude regions of the Southern Hemisphere is still largely unclear. Here, we show how the post-glacial warming following the Last Glacial Maximum (ca 18 000 years ago), allowed the (re)colonization of the fragmented sub-Antarctic habitat by an upper-level marine predator, the king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus. Using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and standard mitochondrial data, we tested the behaviour of subsets of anonymous nuclear loci in inferring past demography through coalescent-based and allele frequency spectrum analyses. Our results show that the king penguin population breeding on Crozet archipelago steeply increased in size, closely following the Holocene warming recorded in the Epica Dome C ice core. The following population growth can be explained by a threshold model in which the ecological requirements of this species (year-round ice-free habitat for breeding and access to a major source of food such as the Antarctic Polar Front) were met on Crozet soon after the Pleistocene/Holocene climatic transition.
自然气候周期，如过去的冰川/间冰期模式，如何塑造了南半球高纬度地区的物种分布，目前仍不清楚。在这里，我们展示了末次盛冰期（约18000年前）之后的冰期后变暖如何使得一种上层海洋捕食者——帝企鹅（Aptenodytes patagonicus）重新（或首次）在破碎的亚南极栖息地定居。利用限制性位点相关DNA测序和标准线粒体数据，我们通过基于溯祖和等位基因频率谱分析，测试了匿名核基因座子集在推断过去种群动态方面的表现。我们的结果表明，克罗泽群岛上繁殖的帝企鹅种群数量急剧增加，紧随埃皮卡穹顶C冰芯记录的全新世变暖之后。接下来的种群增长可以用一个阈值模型来解释，在更新世/全新世气候转变后不久，克罗泽群岛就满足了该物种的生态需求（全年无冰的繁殖栖息地以及接近主要食物来源，如南极极锋）。
